SRB法处理用城市生活污水稀释的酸性矿山废水的研究

发布时间：2018-07-15 11:29

【摘要】：酸性矿山废水主要来源于金属矿山采矿、矿石加工及尾矿的堆放等过程。其具有pH值低、重金属和硫酸盐含量高等特点，是污染环境和影响人类健康的主要因素之一，如直接排放会对环境及人和动植物造成极大的危害。目前处理这类废水的方法较多，其中利用硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)微生物法因其具有处理费用低，无二次污染，工艺稳定，可处理多种金属等优点，已成为国内外研究的焦点。随着对该方法的深入研究，人们发现，经济适用的碳源和废水的pH值是SRB法处理矿山废水的瓶颈，这两个因素也是制约SRB法用于工业化处理矿山废水的主要因素。本文以吉林省万国黄金股份有限公司黄金冶炼厂的酸性矿山废水（模拟）为研究对象，以城市生活污水作为稀释剂和部分碳源，利用SRB法处理用城市生活污水稀释后的酸性矿山废水。（1）实验探索了城市生活污水在不同温度下连续七天内多种无机离子及其它成分（包括酸度、碱度、化学需氧量、氧化还原电位、挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮、总氮、总磷及硫酸根等）的变化规律，结果表明，城市生活污水中无机离子的浓度基本不变。其它成分有一定的变化，但变化不大。可见，在用城市生活污水稀释矿山废水时，不会因时间、温度等因素引起水质的大幅变化，而影响SRB的生长及活性。（2）研究了城市生活污水稀释酸性矿山废水时，稀释倍数、城市生活污水的成分与pH值变化的关系，发现城市生活污水对废水的酸度有很大的缓冲能力，可有效的提高酸性水的pH值。但由于不同金属离子水解的酸度不同，因此，不同金属离子单独存在时，稀释相同的倍数，pH值的改变不尽相同。总之，在稀释倍数为10左右时，，酸性矿山废水的pH值均可接近6，可达到SRB法处理废水的适合范围。（3）对SRB在不同碳源条件下的活性进行研究，可知，城市生活污水可以提供SRB生长所需的部分碳源，当加入其他辅助碳源，如加入大豆粕时，可以提高SRB的活性。（4）在上述实验的基础上，以大豆粕为辅助碳源，用SRB法处理城市生活污水稀释的酸性矿山废水。研究了进水的pH值、硫酸根浓度和碳硫比对处理废水效果的影响。结果表明，经处理后体系中的各成分均有变化，但变化趋势不同。进水pH=4.5时，出水的pH值也达到6.71，进水硫酸根浓度为1200mg/L时，硫酸根去除率可达82.6%，各金属离子均有较高的去除率，同时确定了最佳C/S为2.0。综上实验结果可见，利用SRB法处理酸性矿山废水时，城市生活污水作稀释剂是可行的，它既可调节废水的酸度，又可提供SRB生长所需的部分碳源，使SRB法处理酸性矿山废水实现工业化成为可能。
[Abstract]:Acid mine wastewater mainly comes from metal mining, ore processing and tailings stacking. It has the characteristics of low pH value and high content of heavy metals and sulfate. It is one of the main factors that pollute the environment and affect human health, such as direct discharge will cause great harm to the environment, human beings and animals and plants. At present, there are many methods to treat this kind of wastewater, among which, the use of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) microorganism method has become the focus of domestic and international research because of its advantages of low cost, no secondary pollution, stable process and the ability to treat many kinds of metals. With the thorough study of this method, it is found that the economical and applicable carbon source and the pH value of wastewater are the bottleneck of SRB process for mine wastewater treatment, and these two factors are also the main factors restricting SRB process in industrial treatment of mine wastewater. In this paper, the acid mine wastewater (simulated) from gold smelter of Wanguo Gold Co., Ltd., Jilin Province, is studied. The municipal domestic sewage is used as diluent and part of carbon source. SRB method was used to treat acidic mine wastewater diluted with municipal domestic sewage. (1) various inorganic ions and other components (including acidity, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand) of municipal domestic sewage at different temperatures for seven days were investigated. The changes of redox potential, volatile fatty acids, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and sulphate were studied. The results showed that the concentration of inorganic ions in municipal sewage was almost unchanged. Other ingredients vary, but not so much. It can be seen that when the mine wastewater is diluted with municipal domestic sewage, the growth and activity of SRB will not be affected by time, temperature and other factors. (2) when the municipal domestic sewage dilutes the acid mine wastewater, The relationship between the composition of municipal domestic sewage and the pH value is discussed. It is found that municipal domestic sewage has a large buffer capacity to the acidity of wastewater, which can effectively improve the pH value of acidic water. But the acidity of hydrolysis of different metal ions is different, so the change of pH value of diluting the same multiple is different when different metal ions exist alone. In a word, when the dilution multiple is about 10, the pH value of acid mine wastewater can be close to 6, which can reach the suitable range of SRB process for wastewater treatment. (3) the activity of SRB under different carbon sources is studied. Municipal domestic sewage can provide some carbon sources for the growth of SRB. Adding other auxiliary carbon sources, such as soybean meal, can improve the activity of SRB. (4) on the basis of the above experiments, soybean meal is used as a supplementary carbon source. The SRB process was used to treat the acid mine wastewater diluted by municipal domestic sewage. The effects of influent pH value, sulfate concentration and C / S ratio on wastewater treatment were studied. The results showed that all the components in the treated system changed, but the trend was different. When the influent pH value is 4.5, the effluent pH value is 6.71, and the sulfate removal rate can reach 82.6 when the influent sulfate concentration is 1200 mg / L, and the removal rate of each metal ion is higher. At the same time, the optimum C- / S is determined to be 2.0. The experimental results show that it is feasible to use SRB as diluent in treating acid mine wastewater, which can not only adjust the acidity of wastewater, but also provide some carbon sources for SRB growth. It is possible to industrialize the treatment of acid mine wastewater by SRB process.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X753;X799.3

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