低活性水淬渣基早强充填胶凝材料开发与水化机理研究
发布时间：2018-07-18 11:56
【摘要】：充填采矿法具有节能减排、安全环保、低贫化和高回收等优点,已在黄金、有色以及贵金属矿山获得了广泛应用。与其他采矿方法相比,充填采矿法回采工艺复杂,采矿成本高和生产能力低,是影响充填法应用的主要因素。 金川镍矿是一座矿体埋藏深、地应力高和矿岩破碎的大型难采铜镍矿床,选择与之相应的下向分层进路充填采矿方法。由于在充填体假顶下作业,不仅需要提高充填体质量,而且还要求更高的早期强度。因此,矿山采用棒磨砂骨料和水泥胶凝材料的高灰砂比和高浓度的充填工艺,导致矿山充填成本高达147元/m3,其采矿成本之高在国内外不多见。由于国际镍价持续低迷,使金川企业的采矿经济效益面临巨大压力。降低采矿成本是金川资源开发和可持续发展的必由之路。 针对金川矿区所处地理位置和可以利用的固体废弃物,本文利用酒钢低活性水淬渣,开展低成本和早强充填胶凝材料开发研究。通过固体废弃物的物化特性分析、复合激发剂配比正交试验和胶凝材料水化机理研究,由此获得以下主要研究成果： (1)针对酒钢低活性酸性渣特性,采用水淬渣粉的机械力与化学综合激发效应研究,研究水淬渣粉细磨粉体粒度与级配的水化效应。结果显示,随着机械粉磨时间越长,矿渣微粉的粒径累积曲线越往上移,粒径频率分布越往左即向微颗粒方向偏移。粉磨90min与原状渣粉相比,平均粒径从24.31μm减小到12.26μm,充填体的3d和7d抗压强度分别提高54.9%和25.2%。由此可见,水淬渣粉的机械力化效应对低活性水淬渣水化效应影响显著。 (2)为了提高低活性水淬渣机械力化学效应,开展了添加助磨剂效果试验。试验结果显示,在水淬渣粉磨过程中添加助磨剂,能够显著提高水淬渣粉机械力化效率。当添加0.13%的助磨剂粉磨30min的矿渣微粉的平均粒度,与不添加助磨剂粉磨90min渣粉的平均粒度较为接近,颗粒级配的特征粒径、平均粒径和均匀性系数仅相差2.77%、2.83%和6.43%,这是助磨剂能够解除矿渣微粉的团聚现象,从而提高粉体物料在粉磨过程中的流动性,减少粉碎物料的表面自由能,从而提高机械磨粉效率。 (3)针对金川矿山全尾砂、棒磨砂和粗骨料三种骨料,开展了不同配比的混合集料胶砂强度试验。结果表明,混合充填集料的堆积密实度是胶结充填体强度的最重要因素。在相同胶砂比和浓度的条件下,混合料的堆积密实度从0.568增加到0.702,胶结充填体3d、7d和28d的抗压强度分别从0.36MPa、3.31MPa和5.32MPa提高到0.54MPa、4.12MPa和6.09MPa,分别提高了50%、24.47%和14.47%。显然,混合集料的优化配比对于提高胶结充填体强度,尤其是早期强度,起到至关重要的作用。 (4)针对低活性酒钢水淬渣粉,开展了生石灰、脱硫石膏和水泥熟料等物料作为复合激发剂的正交胶砂强度试验。并利用神经网络模型、遗传规划和遗传算法,建立了充填体抗压强度与激发剂配比的质量优化模型,获得了基于低活性水淬渣开发的早强充填胶凝材料的最优配方为：生石灰为2.562%、脱硫石膏为4.996%和水泥熟料为1.956%。相应的胶结充填体3d和7d抗压强度分别达到2.038MPa和3.172MPa。 (5)采用XRD和SEM等分析技术,研究低活性酸性水淬渣的不同机械粉磨微观效应。结果显示,机械粉磨仅仅改变矿渣微粉的颗粒形状及表面形貌,对其晶体结构及物相组成不产生影响。充填胶凝材料的主要水化产物是硅酸钙凝胶、斜方钙沸石和钙矾石晶体,充填体表面包裹着致密的水化产物,形成致密结构,是胶凝材料水硬化的机理。 (6)针对开发的早强充填胶凝材料,开展粗骨料充填料浆的工作特性的试验研究。结果表明,当充填料浆浓度在82%～84%范围内,早强充填胶凝材料的粗骨料充填料浆具有较好的保水性和浆体的稳定性,完全满足金川矿山管道自流输送要求。 (7)利用开发的早强充填胶凝材料,开展了早强充填胶凝材料的现场充填试验。根据现场试验所测试的早强充填胶凝材料胶结充填体强度,由此获得的3d、7d和28d的充填体强度分别达到1.765MPa、3.615MPa和5.35MPa,满足金川矿山充填法采矿对胶凝材料的性能要求。与矿用水泥胶凝材料相比,早强充填胶凝材料成本降低48.3元/t。将开发的胶凝材料在金川矿山应用,可以获得显著的经济效益和社会效益。 降低充填采矿成本是提高充填采矿效益的必由之路。针对金川矿山充填采矿的重大需求,本文开展了利用低活性水淬渣的早强胶凝材料的开发研究,获得了满足金川矿山所需要的胶凝材料,目前正在由金昌熙金节能建材有限公司进行工业化生产,从而在金川矿山推广应用。同时,结合早强充填胶凝材料的应用,基于全尾砂、废石以及粗骨料的混合集料的充填技术也正在研究。固体废弃物在充填采矿技术中的应用,不仅能够显著提高金川矿山的采矿经济效益,而且还可以减少固体废弃物排放,从而保护环境,创建无废矿山和实现绿色开采。
[Abstract]:Filling mining method has many advantages, such as energy saving, emission reduction, safety and environmental protection, low dilution and high recovery. It has been widely used in gold, colored and precious metal mines. Compared with other mining methods, filling mining method is complex, high mining cost and low production capacity, which are the main factors affecting the application of filling method.
The Jinchuan nickel mine is a large and difficult mining copper nickel deposit, which is buried deep in the ore body, with high ground stress and fractured ore and rock. It chooses the corresponding downward stratified approach filling mining method. Because of the false top operation of the filling body, it not only needs to improve the quality of the filling body, but also requires a higher early strength. Therefore, the mine uses the rod abrasive and the cement. The high ash sand ratio and high concentration filling process of the cementitious material lead to the cost of mine filling up to 147 yuan /m3, and the high mining cost is not common at home and abroad. Because of the continuous low price of international nickel, the mining economic benefits of Jinchuan enterprises are facing enormous pressure. Reducing the mining cost is the only way for the development and sustainable development of Jinchuan resources.
In view of the geographical position of Jinchuan mining area and the solid waste that can be used, the development and research of low cost and early strength filling cementitious material are carried out by using the low active water quenched slag of Jiuquan Steel. Through the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of solid waste, the orthogonal test of the compound activator and the hydration mechanism of the cementitious material are studied, thus the following main research is obtained. The results are as follows:
(1) in view of the characteristics of low active acid slag in Jiuquan Steel, the hydration effect of grain size and gradation of water quenched powder fine grinding powder is studied by using the mechanical force and chemical comprehensive excitation effect of water quenched slag powder. The results show that the longer the grinding time is, the more the cumulative curve of the slag powder moves upward and the particle size frequency distribution is toward the left. Direction migration. Compared with the original slag powder, the average particle size of 90min is reduced from 24.31 to 12.26 m, and the 3D and 7d compressive strength of the filling body are increased by 54.9% and 25.2%. respectively. The mechanized effect of the water quenched slag has a significant effect on the hydration effect of the low active water quenched slag.
(2) in order to improve the mechanical and chemical effect of low active water quenched slag, the effect test of adding grinding aids was carried out. The results showed that the mechanical efficiency of the water quenched slag powder could be greatly improved by adding the grinding aids to the grinding process of water quenched slag. When adding 0.13% grinding aids, the average particle size of the slag powder of 30min was grind, and the grinding agent was not added to the grinding agent to grind 9. The average particle size of 0min slag powder is close. The characteristic particle size, average particle size and uniformity coefficient of particle gradation are only 2.77%, 2.83% and 6.43%. This is that the grinding aids can relieve the agglomeration of the slag powder, thus improving the fluidity of the powder in the grinding process and reducing the surface free energy of the comminuted material, thus improving the grinding efficiency of the machine. Rate.
(3) in view of the three kinds of aggregate in Jinchuan mine full tailings, rod sand and coarse aggregate, the strength test of mixed aggregate mortar with different proportions is carried out. The results show that the packing density is the most important factor for the strength of the cemented filling body. The packing density of the mixture increases from 0.568 to 0.7 under the same rubber sand ratio and concentration. 02, the compressive strength of the cemented filling body 3D, 7d and 28d increased from 0.36MPa, 3.31MPa and 5.32MPa to 0.54MPa, 4.12MPa and 6.09MPa respectively, which were improved by 50%, 24.47% and 14.47%. respectively. The optimal ratio of mixed aggregates played an important role in improving the strength of cementing filling, especially the early strength.
(4) aiming at the low active liquor steel water quenched slag powder, the strength test of the orthogonal adhesive sand of the raw lime, desulphurizing gypsum and cement clinker as compound activator is carried out. And the neural network model, genetic programming and genetic algorithm are used to establish the quality optimization model of the ratio of the compressive strength of the filling body to the activator, and the low active water quenching is obtained. The optimum formula for the early strength filling cementitious material developed by slag is as follows: the lime is 2.562%, the gypsum is 4.996% and the cement clinker is 1.956%., and the compressive strength of 3D and 7d is 2.038MPa and 3.172MPa., respectively.
(5) the microcosmic effect of different mechanical grinding of low active acid water quenched slag was studied by XRD and SEM. The results showed that mechanical grinding only changed the shape and surface morphology of the slag powder, and had no effect on its crystal structure and phase composition. The main hydration products of the filling cementitious material were the calcium silicate gel and the trapezoid calcium boiling. Stone and Ettringite crystals, which are packed with dense hydrated products on the surface of the filling body, form a dense structure, which is the mechanism of water hardening of cementitious materials.
(6) in view of the early strength filling cementitious material developed, the experimental research on the working characteristics of the coarse aggregate filling slurry is carried out. The results show that the coarse aggregate filling slurry with early strong filling cementitious material has better water retention and slurry stability when the filling slurry concentration is in the range of 82% ~ 84%. It fully meets the requirements of the self flow transportation of the Jinchuan mine pipe.
(7) the field filling test of early strong filling cementitious material was carried out by the early strong filling cementitious material developed. According to the strength of the cemented filling body of early strong filling cementitious material tested in the field test, the strength of the filling body of 3D, 7d and 28d obtained by this method reached 1.765MPa, 3.615MPa and 5.35MPa respectively, which met the glue of Jinchuan mine filling method. Compared with the cement cementitious material, the cost of the early strength filling cementitious material is reduced by 48.3 yuan /t., and the cementitious material developed in Jinchuan mine can be applied in the mine, and the significant economic and social benefits can be obtained.
Reducing the cost of filling mining is the only way to improve the benefit of filling mining. In view of the important demand of Jinchuan mine filling mining, the development and research of early strong cementitious materials using low active water quenched slag have been carried out, and the cementitious materials to meet the needs of Jinchuan mine are obtained. The application of the early strong filling cementitious material is also being studied in Jinchuan mine. The application of the solid waste in the filling mining technology can not only improve the economic benefit of the mining in Jinchuan, but also can also improve the mining economic benefit of the mine. In order to reduce solid waste emissions and protect the environment, we create waste free mines and achieve green mining.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD853.34
[Abstract]:Filling mining method has many advantages, such as energy saving, emission reduction, safety and environmental protection, low dilution and high recovery. It has been widely used in gold, colored and precious metal mines. Compared with other mining methods, filling mining method is complex, high mining cost and low production capacity, which are the main factors affecting the application of filling method.
The Jinchuan nickel mine is a large and difficult mining copper nickel deposit, which is buried deep in the ore body, with high ground stress and fractured ore and rock. It chooses the corresponding downward stratified approach filling mining method. Because of the false top operation of the filling body, it not only needs to improve the quality of the filling body, but also requires a higher early strength. Therefore, the mine uses the rod abrasive and the cement. The high ash sand ratio and high concentration filling process of the cementitious material lead to the cost of mine filling up to 147 yuan /m3, and the high mining cost is not common at home and abroad. Because of the continuous low price of international nickel, the mining economic benefits of Jinchuan enterprises are facing enormous pressure. Reducing the mining cost is the only way for the development and sustainable development of Jinchuan resources.
In view of the geographical position of Jinchuan mining area and the solid waste that can be used, the development and research of low cost and early strength filling cementitious material are carried out by using the low active water quenched slag of Jiuquan Steel. Through the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of solid waste, the orthogonal test of the compound activator and the hydration mechanism of the cementitious material are studied, thus the following main research is obtained. The results are as follows:
(1) in view of the characteristics of low active acid slag in Jiuquan Steel, the hydration effect of grain size and gradation of water quenched powder fine grinding powder is studied by using the mechanical force and chemical comprehensive excitation effect of water quenched slag powder. The results show that the longer the grinding time is, the more the cumulative curve of the slag powder moves upward and the particle size frequency distribution is toward the left. Direction migration. Compared with the original slag powder, the average particle size of 90min is reduced from 24.31 to 12.26 m, and the 3D and 7d compressive strength of the filling body are increased by 54.9% and 25.2%. respectively. The mechanized effect of the water quenched slag has a significant effect on the hydration effect of the low active water quenched slag.
(2) in order to improve the mechanical and chemical effect of low active water quenched slag, the effect test of adding grinding aids was carried out. The results showed that the mechanical efficiency of the water quenched slag powder could be greatly improved by adding the grinding aids to the grinding process of water quenched slag. When adding 0.13% grinding aids, the average particle size of the slag powder of 30min was grind, and the grinding agent was not added to the grinding agent to grind 9. The average particle size of 0min slag powder is close. The characteristic particle size, average particle size and uniformity coefficient of particle gradation are only 2.77%, 2.83% and 6.43%. This is that the grinding aids can relieve the agglomeration of the slag powder, thus improving the fluidity of the powder in the grinding process and reducing the surface free energy of the comminuted material, thus improving the grinding efficiency of the machine. Rate.
(3) in view of the three kinds of aggregate in Jinchuan mine full tailings, rod sand and coarse aggregate, the strength test of mixed aggregate mortar with different proportions is carried out. The results show that the packing density is the most important factor for the strength of the cemented filling body. The packing density of the mixture increases from 0.568 to 0.7 under the same rubber sand ratio and concentration. 02, the compressive strength of the cemented filling body 3D, 7d and 28d increased from 0.36MPa, 3.31MPa and 5.32MPa to 0.54MPa, 4.12MPa and 6.09MPa respectively, which were improved by 50%, 24.47% and 14.47%. respectively. The optimal ratio of mixed aggregates played an important role in improving the strength of cementing filling, especially the early strength.
(4) aiming at the low active liquor steel water quenched slag powder, the strength test of the orthogonal adhesive sand of the raw lime, desulphurizing gypsum and cement clinker as compound activator is carried out. And the neural network model, genetic programming and genetic algorithm are used to establish the quality optimization model of the ratio of the compressive strength of the filling body to the activator, and the low active water quenching is obtained. The optimum formula for the early strength filling cementitious material developed by slag is as follows: the lime is 2.562%, the gypsum is 4.996% and the cement clinker is 1.956%., and the compressive strength of 3D and 7d is 2.038MPa and 3.172MPa., respectively.
(5) the microcosmic effect of different mechanical grinding of low active acid water quenched slag was studied by XRD and SEM. The results showed that mechanical grinding only changed the shape and surface morphology of the slag powder, and had no effect on its crystal structure and phase composition. The main hydration products of the filling cementitious material were the calcium silicate gel and the trapezoid calcium boiling. Stone and Ettringite crystals, which are packed with dense hydrated products on the surface of the filling body, form a dense structure, which is the mechanism of water hardening of cementitious materials.
(6) in view of the early strength filling cementitious material developed, the experimental research on the working characteristics of the coarse aggregate filling slurry is carried out. The results show that the coarse aggregate filling slurry with early strong filling cementitious material has better water retention and slurry stability when the filling slurry concentration is in the range of 82% ~ 84%. It fully meets the requirements of the self flow transportation of the Jinchuan mine pipe.
(7) the field filling test of early strong filling cementitious material was carried out by the early strong filling cementitious material developed. According to the strength of the cemented filling body of early strong filling cementitious material tested in the field test, the strength of the filling body of 3D, 7d and 28d obtained by this method reached 1.765MPa, 3.615MPa and 5.35MPa respectively, which met the glue of Jinchuan mine filling method. Compared with the cement cementitious material, the cost of the early strength filling cementitious material is reduced by 48.3 yuan /t., and the cementitious material developed in Jinchuan mine can be applied in the mine, and the significant economic and social benefits can be obtained.
Reducing the cost of filling mining is the only way to improve the benefit of filling mining. In view of the important demand of Jinchuan mine filling mining, the development and research of early strong cementitious materials using low active water quenched slag have been carried out, and the cementitious materials to meet the needs of Jinchuan mine are obtained. The application of the early strong filling cementitious material is also being studied in Jinchuan mine. The application of the solid waste in the filling mining technology can not only improve the economic benefit of the mining in Jinchuan, but also can also improve the mining economic benefit of the mine. In order to reduce solid waste emissions and protect the environment, we create waste free mines and achieve green mining.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD853.34
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