地下开采中接触带复合岩体非协调变形及控制研究
发布时间：2018-07-29 15:40
【摘要】：地下开采中接触带复合岩体非协调变形导致巷道出现广泛的剪切破坏和局部冒落，同时松软破碎接触带顶板采场易产生大面积顶板冒落，不仅构成矿山开采的重大安全隐患，也极大降低了开采效率。现有的接触带岩体控制理论和技术无法有效解释和控制接触带岩体的非协调变形破坏，严重制约了地下矿山的大规模高效开采。为寻求接触带复合岩体的有效处理方法，实现接触带巷道和采场的安全高效运行，论文采用岩石力学试验、理论分析、相似试验、数值模拟和现场试验等手段，系统研究了接触带复合岩体的力学特性和地下开采工程的稳定性问题。 （1）进行了接触带复合岩样的单轴压缩试验，获取了不同接触角复合岩样的破坏和强度变化特征；从微观角度分析了具有不同变形特征的岩石材料在接触面上的应变协调及横向约束应力，构建了接触带复合岩体宏观非协调变形下的强度模型，可以有效解释单轴压缩试验中接触带复合岩样的强度变化特征。建立了考虑初始损伤和蠕变损伤的岩石蠕变模型，推导出接触带复合岩体非协调蠕变次生约束应力同岩石力学参数、载荷和时间的关系式，揭示了复合岩体次生约束应力和强度的时间效应特征。 （2）借助数值模拟和相似试验，系统分析了接触带力学性质、接触带产状、地应力等因素对接触带巷道非协调变形及次生剪应力分布特征的影响。基于弹塑性力学理论，研究了接触带岩体非协调变形对巷道塑性松动区的影响。归纳总结出接触带岩体非协调变形导致的强度降低、次生剪应力集中和塑性松动圈扩大是接触带巷道易发生失稳破坏的主要原因。 （3）基于断裂力学理论，建立了接触带巷道非协调变形形成的剪应力环境下单个裂隙的扩展判据、扩展方向及扩展深度函数，模拟了裂隙组扩展、贯通、连通自由面、最终形成自由块体冒落的力学动态过程，揭示出接触带巷道非协调变形破坏机理，有效解释了典型接触带巷道的失稳破坏特征。 （4）提出基于协调变形的接触带巷道稳定性控制思路，形成了以X抗剪支护、非对称支护和非均匀分布预应力支护为特征的接触带巷道非均匀过渡支护模式，进一步建立了适应围岩应力及变形分布的非均匀支护参数确定方法，，降低了接触带巷道的非协调变形及次生剪应力集中，有效减少了原岩裂隙剪切滑移扩展导致的围岩整体失稳破坏。 （5）开发了适用于松软接触带顶板矿床的预切顶连续条带开采废石尾砂充填采矿方法，形成了生产能力最大化的安全开采条带宽度确定方法，提出了尾砂柔性接顶的复合充填体卸压技术，实现松软接触带顶板处理-矿石开采-充填协同高效进行。 研究成果揭示了接触带复合岩体在非协调变形下的力学特性，形成了接触带巷道和采场稳定性控制的有效方法，为地下开采中接触带复合岩体的高效处理提供了基础理论和应用技术支撑。
[Abstract]:The non coordinated deformation of the composite rock mass in underground mining leads to the extensive shear failure and local caving in the roadway, and the roof caving in the roof of the soft broken contact belt is easy to produce large area roof caving, which not only constitutes a major safety hidden danger in mine mining, but also greatly reduces the efficiency of mining. The existing theory and technology of rock mass control in contact belt. The uncoordinated deformation and failure of the rock mass in contact zone can not be effectively explained and controlled, which seriously restricts the large-scale and efficient mining of underground mines. In order to find the effective treatment method for the contact belt complex rock mass, the safe and efficient operation of the contact roadway and stope is realized. The paper adopts the rock mechanics test, the theoretical analysis, the similar test, the numerical simulation and the present. Field tests and other means have systematically studied the mechanical characteristics of the contact zone composite rock mass and the stability of underground mining engineering.
(1) the uniaxial compression test of the contact belt composite rock samples was carried out, and the damage and strength change characteristics of the composite rock samples with different contact angles were obtained, and the strain coordination and lateral confinement stress on the contact surface were analyzed from the microscopic angle, and the strength of the contact zone composite rock mass under macroscopic uncoordinated deformation was established. The degree model can effectively explain the strength change characteristics of the contact zone composite rock in the uniaxial compression test. A rock creep model considering the initial damage and creep damage is established, and the relationship between the non coordinated creep stress and the rock mechanics parameters, the load and the time is deduced. The characteristics of the time effect of the beam stress and strength.
(2) with the help of numerical simulation and similar test, the influence of the mechanical properties of the contact zone, the contact zone production and the ground stress on the characteristics of the non coordinated deformation and the secondary shear stress distribution in the contact zone are systematically analyzed. Based on the elastoplastic mechanics theory, the influence of the uncoordinated deformation of the contact rock mass on the plastic loose zone in the roadway is studied. The main cause of instability failure in contact zone is that the strength of the contact zone is reduced, the secondary shear stress concentration and the plastic loose circle are enlarged.
(3) based on the theory of fracture mechanics, the extension criterion, expansion direction and extended depth function of the single crack under the shear stress environment formed by the non coordinated deformation of the contact belt roadway are established. The dynamic process of the fracture group expansion, penetration and connecting free surface is simulated, and the dynamic dynamic process of the free mass caving is formed, and the uncoordinated deformation of the contact tunnel is revealed. The mechanism of failure can effectively explain the failure characteristics of typical contact roadway.
(4) the stability control method of contact belt Roadway Based on coordinated deformation is proposed, and a non-uniform transition support model with X shear support, asymmetric support and non uniform distribution prestressed support is formed, and the non uniform support parameter determination method adapting to the stress and deformation distribution of surrounding rock is further established, and the contact is reduced. The non-conforming deformation and the secondary shear stress concentration along the roadway effectively reduce the overall instability and failure of the surrounding rock caused by the shear slip propagation of the original rock fracture.
(5) a pre cut top continuous strip mining tailings filling mining method suitable for the roof of the soft contact belt is developed, and a method for determining the width of a safe mining strip with maximum production capacity is formed, and a composite filling pressure unloading technique for the flexible joint top of the tailings is put forward to realize the roof treatment of the soft contact zone, the ore mining and filling synergistic height. Effect is done.
The research results reveal the mechanical properties of the contact belt composite rock under uncoordinated deformation, and form an effective method for the stability control of the contact belt and stope, which provides the basic theory and the application technical support for the high efficiency treatment of the contact zone complex rock mass in the underground mining.
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD803
本文编号：2153153
[Abstract]:The non coordinated deformation of the composite rock mass in underground mining leads to the extensive shear failure and local caving in the roadway, and the roof caving in the roof of the soft broken contact belt is easy to produce large area roof caving, which not only constitutes a major safety hidden danger in mine mining, but also greatly reduces the efficiency of mining. The existing theory and technology of rock mass control in contact belt. The uncoordinated deformation and failure of the rock mass in contact zone can not be effectively explained and controlled, which seriously restricts the large-scale and efficient mining of underground mines. In order to find the effective treatment method for the contact belt complex rock mass, the safe and efficient operation of the contact roadway and stope is realized. The paper adopts the rock mechanics test, the theoretical analysis, the similar test, the numerical simulation and the present. Field tests and other means have systematically studied the mechanical characteristics of the contact zone composite rock mass and the stability of underground mining engineering.
(1) the uniaxial compression test of the contact belt composite rock samples was carried out, and the damage and strength change characteristics of the composite rock samples with different contact angles were obtained, and the strain coordination and lateral confinement stress on the contact surface were analyzed from the microscopic angle, and the strength of the contact zone composite rock mass under macroscopic uncoordinated deformation was established. The degree model can effectively explain the strength change characteristics of the contact zone composite rock in the uniaxial compression test. A rock creep model considering the initial damage and creep damage is established, and the relationship between the non coordinated creep stress and the rock mechanics parameters, the load and the time is deduced. The characteristics of the time effect of the beam stress and strength.
(2) with the help of numerical simulation and similar test, the influence of the mechanical properties of the contact zone, the contact zone production and the ground stress on the characteristics of the non coordinated deformation and the secondary shear stress distribution in the contact zone are systematically analyzed. Based on the elastoplastic mechanics theory, the influence of the uncoordinated deformation of the contact rock mass on the plastic loose zone in the roadway is studied. The main cause of instability failure in contact zone is that the strength of the contact zone is reduced, the secondary shear stress concentration and the plastic loose circle are enlarged.
(3) based on the theory of fracture mechanics, the extension criterion, expansion direction and extended depth function of the single crack under the shear stress environment formed by the non coordinated deformation of the contact belt roadway are established. The dynamic process of the fracture group expansion, penetration and connecting free surface is simulated, and the dynamic dynamic process of the free mass caving is formed, and the uncoordinated deformation of the contact tunnel is revealed. The mechanism of failure can effectively explain the failure characteristics of typical contact roadway.
(4) the stability control method of contact belt Roadway Based on coordinated deformation is proposed, and a non-uniform transition support model with X shear support, asymmetric support and non uniform distribution prestressed support is formed, and the non uniform support parameter determination method adapting to the stress and deformation distribution of surrounding rock is further established, and the contact is reduced. The non-conforming deformation and the secondary shear stress concentration along the roadway effectively reduce the overall instability and failure of the surrounding rock caused by the shear slip propagation of the original rock fracture.
(5) a pre cut top continuous strip mining tailings filling mining method suitable for the roof of the soft contact belt is developed, and a method for determining the width of a safe mining strip with maximum production capacity is formed, and a composite filling pressure unloading technique for the flexible joint top of the tailings is put forward to realize the roof treatment of the soft contact zone, the ore mining and filling synergistic height. Effect is done.
The research results reveal the mechanical properties of the contact belt composite rock under uncoordinated deformation, and form an effective method for the stability control of the contact belt and stope, which provides the basic theory and the application technical support for the high efficiency treatment of the contact zone complex rock mass in the underground mining.
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD803
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