爆破振动对边坡稳定性影响及控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 10:06

【摘要】：爆破作为露天矿山开采、岩体开挖等工程项目主要破岩手段,在提高劳动生产率的同时爆破动力作用也使得边坡坍塌、滑移等地质灾害现象频发。研究爆破动力作用对边坡的影响以及如何保证边坡的稳定性已成为矿山安全生产的关键性技术问题,寻求安全的爆破技术和合理的经济预防措施对矿山安全生产具有重要的理论意义和工程应用实际价值。本文基于贵州某露天磷矿采用现场爆破振动测试、爆破动载荷折减、拟静力计算等综合研究方法,开展了边坡爆破振动数据分析、爆破动载荷折减计算、潜在滑坡体的Sarma法力学分析、边坡稳定性安全判据等一系列研究工作,论文具体研究内容和成果主要有以下几点:(1)本文基于贵州某露天磷矿,借助TC-4850N爆破振动测试仪,通过对该矿实测数据线性拟合,得到符合爆破现场衰减规律的萨道夫斯基公式。根据现场实测三轴回归萨道夫斯基公式矢量合成了振动合速度衰减公式,依据振动速度得出了不同爆破距离允许的爆破药量。(2)采用极限平衡的Sarma法,借助理正岩土分析软件得到了边坡在重力作用下的安全系数为1.47。(3)将爆破动载荷折算成等效静载荷作用于边坡上进行受力分析发现,爆破振动会降低边坡的稳定性,对影响边坡稳定性的两个敏感因素爆破距离和爆破药量进行分析,得到爆破药量一定时,爆破距离和边坡稳定性安全系数的拟合关系式。通过对比发现,当爆破距离小于60m时,边坡安全系数受爆破距离的影响变化较大,表明在60m范围内边坡安全系数对爆破距离敏感。当爆破距离大于40m,控制最大段药量小于140kg时,爆破作用的影响程度小于10%,认为该爆破药量是安全的。
[Abstract]:Blasting, as the main method of rock breaking in open pit mining and rock mass excavation, also causes slope collapse and slippage as well as increasing labor productivity. Studying the influence of blasting dynamic action on slope and how to ensure the stability of slope has become the key technical problem of mine safety production. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to seek safe blasting technology and reasonable economic preventive measures for mine safety production. Based on the comprehensive research methods of field blasting vibration test, blasting dynamic load reduction and pseudo-static calculation, the data analysis of slope blasting vibration and the calculation of blasting dynamic load reduction are carried out in this paper. A series of research work, such as Sarma analysis of potential landslide, safety criterion of slope stability and so on, have been carried out in this paper. The main research contents and achievements are as follows: (1) based on an opencast phosphate mine in Guizhou, the TC-4850N blasting vibration tester is used in this paper. Based on the linear fitting of the measured data in the mine, the Saadolski formula which accords with the law of field attenuation of blasting is obtained. The attenuation formula of vibration velocity is synthesized according to the vector of three axis regressive Sadolski formula of field measurement. According to the vibration velocity, the allowable blasting charge of different blasting distance is obtained. (2) the Sarma method of limit equilibrium is used. With the help of geotechnical analysis software, the safety factor of the slope under gravity is 1.47. (3) the blasting dynamic load is converted into equivalent static load on the slope and the force is analyzed. It is found that the blasting vibration will reduce the slope stability. The relationship between blasting distance and safety factor of slope stability is obtained by analyzing the two sensitive factors of blasting distance and explosive quantity which affect the stability of slope. It is found by comparison that when the blasting distance is less than 60 m, the slope safety factor is greatly affected by the blasting distance, which indicates that the slope safety factor is sensitive to the blasting distance in the range of 60 m. When the blasting distance is more than 40 m and the maximum charge of the controlled section is less than 140kg, the effect of blasting action is less than 10. It is considered that the blasting charge is safe.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD235;TD871

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