大型露天矿边坡开挖地表移动预测分析

发布时间：2018-08-03 13:58

【摘要】：随着现代工业的迅速发展,人们对于矿产资源的需求量也在不断扩大,世界各国也越来越多地利用露天开采方式来开发矿产资源。工程实践表明,由于露天矿的开采而引起的岩体移动变形对周边环境的影响在不断加剧,许多矿山开发已经严重影响到了矿区附近城市的建设。因此,如何准确预测露天矿开挖引起的地表移动变形影响,并预测分析露天矿开挖岩体的稳定性,就成了本领域的重要工程技术问题之一。本文主要研究在地下水影响下进行的露天矿开挖而引起的地表移动问题。在模糊测度模型基础上,导出了数值计算公式。同时,使用遗传规划方法来确定模糊测度模型中的模糊参数。为了进一步验证模糊测度模型用于分析地下水影响下露天矿开挖引起地表移动变形的可靠性,针对露天矿山工程实际,分别采用了模糊测度法、随机介质法以及有限单元法进行了计算和对比分析,理论结果进一步证实了本文所采用的模糊测度模型用于分析此类问题的优越性。在此基础上,使用模糊测度模型对国内某露天矿在地下水影响下露天开挖引起的地表下沉、地表水平移动进行了预测分析,并根据地表水平变形对边坡稳定性进行了具体分析。同时,本文采用了更加适合节理化岩质边坡的Sarma法对在地下水影响下的边坡稳定性进行了计算分析,并与水平变形值进行了比较。理论分析结果表明,模糊测度模型预测地下水影响下露天开挖岩体移动的结果符合露天矿山工程实际。即在边坡岩体内部地下水的影响下,露天矿开挖之后,所引起地表移动的影响范围较远,而这一结果用经典方法是无法获得的。本文的研究方法以及所获结果对考虑露天开挖环境影响及其保护问题具有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern industry, the demand for mineral resources is also expanding, and more countries in the world use open-pit mining to develop mineral resources. Engineering practice shows that the impact of rock mass movement and deformation caused by open-pit mining on the surrounding environment is increasing, and many mine development has seriously affected the construction of cities near the mining area. Therefore, how to accurately predict the influence of surface movement and deformation caused by open-pit excavation and analyze the stability of excavated rock mass is one of the important engineering technical problems in this field. In this paper, the surface movement caused by open-pit excavation under the influence of groundwater is studied. Based on the fuzzy measure model, the numerical formula is derived. At the same time, genetic programming is used to determine the fuzzy parameters in the fuzzy measure model. In order to further verify the reliability of the fuzzy measurement model used to analyze the surface movement and deformation caused by open-pit mine excavation under the influence of groundwater, the fuzzy measure method is used in the field of open-pit mine engineering. The random medium method and the finite element method are calculated and compared. The theoretical results further confirm the superiority of the fuzzy measure model used in this paper to analyze this kind of problems. On this basis, a fuzzy measure model is used to predict the surface subsidence and horizontal movement caused by open-pit excavation under the influence of underground water, and the slope stability is analyzed concretely according to the horizontal deformation of the surface. At the same time, Sarma method, which is more suitable for rock slope, is used to calculate and analyze the slope stability under the influence of groundwater, and it is compared with the horizontal deformation value. The results of theoretical analysis show that the prediction of rock mass movement under the influence of underground water by fuzzy measure model accords with the practice of open-pit mine engineering. That is, under the influence of underground water in slope rock mass, the influence range of surface movement caused by open-pit mining after excavation is far away, but this result can not be obtained by classical method. The research method and the results obtained in this paper have important practical significance for considering the environmental impact of open-pit excavation and its protection.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD325

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