新型跨孔电阻率CT检测仪的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-08-06 08:13

【摘要】：我国是煤炭需求大国,在煤层采掘之前能准确地探测待采掘煤层的地质构造情况非常重要,这既能知道煤矿的大致分布情况,也能预测煤矿是否具有突水等地质灾害的危险。探测煤矿地质情况一般采用跨孔电阻率CT探测方式,矿井下常规跨孔电阻率CT检测仪普遍存在采集数据量少、对微弱信号抗干扰能力差、数据采集动态范围小、分辨率低等特点,导致反演结果不准确。针对常规跨孔电阻率CT检测仪的不足,设计一款新型跨孔电阻率CT检测仪。本仪器可以大动态范围的采集数据,能自适应的对信号进行处理,通过发射伪随机信号和设计工频限波电路有效地限制了工频干扰,能自动切换电极,并行采集数据,效率高,且采集数据量大,精度高,使得反演结果更准确。经过去矿井实地测试,结果表明本仪器具有操作简单、性能稳定、分辨率高等特点,反演出的电阻率剖面图能真实地反映实际地质结构。论文主要完成了以下工作:1、论文介绍电阻率探测的基本原理及正反演算法,针对电阻率反演的非线性特性,选用高斯牛顿法,能较好的对电阻率资料进行解释。2、对比分析传统仪器的数据采集方式和本仪器数据采集方式的特点,提出了硬件系统设计方案,设计了发射电路、电源电路、数据采集电路、电极转换电路、核心控制电路。3、系统软件分为数据采集和数据处理两大部分,数据采集软件与主控机之间通过以太网口通信,主控机与从机之间通过SPI总线通信,保证数据传输的可靠性,自定义通信协议,保证控制的灵活性,封装API接口,方便后续的修改和维护,数据处理软件界面采用C#编写,算法部分基于MATLAB实现。4、测试仪器的各项性能指标来验证仪器的可靠性,并根据煤矿实测数据反演出的电阻率剖面图能较为真实地反映地质构造情况。
[Abstract]:China is a large country in coal demand, it is very important to accurately detect the geological structure of coal seam before coal seam excavation, which can not only know the general distribution of coal mine, but also predict whether the coal mine has geological hazards such as water inrush. In order to detect the geological condition of coal mine, the transpore resistivity CT detection method is generally adopted. The conventional CT detector of the cross-hole resistivity under the mine generally has less data acquisition data, poor anti-interference ability to weak signals, and small dynamic range of data acquisition. Because of the low resolution, the inversion result is not accurate. A new type of transpore resistivity CT detector is designed to overcome the shortage of conventional CT detector. The instrument can collect data in a large dynamic range and process the signal adaptively. By transmitting pseudorandom signal and designing power frequency limiting circuit, the power frequency interference can be effectively limited, the electrode can be automatically switched, the data can be collected in parallel, and the efficiency is high. Moreover, the retrieval results are more accurate because of the large amount of data collected and the high accuracy. The results show that the instrument has the characteristics of simple operation, stable performance, high resolution and so on. The resistivity profile can truly reflect the actual geological structure. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. This paper introduces the basic principle of resistivity detection and the forward and inverse algorithms. According to the nonlinear characteristics of resistivity inversion, Gao Si Newton method is used. Can better explain the resistivity data. 2. Compare and analyze the characteristics of the traditional instrument data acquisition method and the data acquisition mode of this instrument, put forward the hardware system design project, design the transmitting circuit, power supply circuit, data acquisition circuit, The system software is divided into two parts: data acquisition and data processing. The communication between the data acquisition software and the master computer is via Ethernet port, and the communication between the master computer and slave computer is via SPI bus. To ensure the reliability of data transmission, self-defined communication protocol, ensure the flexibility of control, encapsulate the API interface, facilitate the subsequent modification and maintenance, the data processing software interface is written in C #. The algorithm is based on the implementation of MATLAB. 4. The performance index of the test instrument is used to verify the reliability of the instrument, and the resistivity profile can reflect the geological structure more truthfully according to the measured data of coal mine.
【学位授予单位】：桂林电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD163.1;TD15

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