矿山固体废弃物种植混合土配制研究
发布时间：2018-08-20 09:33
【摘要】：矿山开采造成的矿山固体废弃物生产量大、堆存量大、综合利用率低,并且占用和破坏土地,容易诱发泥石流、地面塌陷等灾害,因此矿山固体废弃物成为威胁矿山生态环境的关键因素;同时矿山细粒土资源缺乏,如何利用有限的细粒土资源,大量、有效的消耗矿山固体废弃物成为矿山生态环境修复研究的热点,也是研究的难点。“种植混合土”是通过利用掺入物充填矿山固体废弃物之间的大孔隙,以改善矿山固体废弃物的理化性状,建立植物立地条件的一种方法;该方法对矿山固体废弃物利用与消耗、矿山生态环境的修复具有重要的实践和指导意义。本研究利用涞源县独山城铁区产生的铁矿废石与尾矿砂、砂壤土、中壤土、重壤土四类掺入物,按不同配比与铁矿废石配制成“废石+尾矿砂”(Ⅰ类)、“废石+砂壤土”(Ⅱ类)、“废石+中壤土”(Ⅲ类)、“废石+重壤土”(Ⅳ类)四类种植混合土,采用随机区组设计,并进行种植紫花苜蓿的室外盆栽试验,通过对不同配比种植混合土理化性状以及紫花苜蓿生长情况的研究,结果表明:1、不同质地的掺入物对铁矿废石理化性状起到改善作用。重壤土对铁矿废石机械组成改善最显著;Ⅲ类种植混合土含水性能、质量体积比、孔隙度要优于其他三类;Ⅱ类与Ⅳ类类种植混合土含水性能、质量体积比、孔隙度差异性不显著,并且Ⅱ类种植混合土自然含水量要高于其他三类;Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类种植混合土物理性状总体来看差别不大。2、尾矿砂与砂壤土的掺入对铁矿废石的p H值没有明显影响,中壤土与重壤土的掺入没能使铁矿废石的p H值降到8.5以下;各配比速效磷、速效钾含量均能达到全国土壤养分标准3级或3级以上,各配比碱解氮、有机质含量低于全国土壤养分标准3级。3、中壤土与重壤土的掺入使紫花苜蓿生长情况显著优于Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类种植混合土,其中Ⅲ类紫花苜蓿出苗率、根冠比情况要优于Ⅳ类,Ⅳ类紫花苜蓿株高和生物量要高于中壤土。4、Ⅰ类种植混合土紫花苜蓿生长最好配比不如Ⅱ类中砂壤土掺入量为铁矿废石质量30%时的配比;Ⅱ类种植混合土紫花苜蓿生长最好配比与Ⅲ类中壤土掺入量为铁矿废石质量60%时的配比差异性不显著;Ⅲ类种植混合土紫花苜蓿生长最好配比与Ⅳ类重壤土掺入量为铁矿废石质量90%时的配比差异性不显著。5、尾矿砂掺入量为铁矿废石质量的120%~180%时,紫花苜蓿生长情况与纯尾矿砂对照差异性不显著;砂壤土、中壤土、重壤土掺入量为铁矿废石质量的90%~180%时,紫花苜蓿生长情况与相应掺入物对照差异性不显著。
[Abstract]:As a result of mining, the production of solid wastes in mines is large, the amount of stacks is large, the comprehensive utilization ratio is low, and the land is occupied and destroyed, and it is easy to induce disasters such as debris flows and ground collapses. Therefore, the mine solid waste has become a key factor threatening the ecological environment of mines, and at the same time, there is a lack of fine soil resources in mines, so how to make use of the limited fine soil resources, a large number of, The effective consumption of mine solid waste has become a hot spot in the research of mine ecological environment restoration, and it is also a difficult point. "planting mixed soil" is a method to improve the physical and chemical properties of mine solid waste and to establish plant site condition by filling the macropores between solid wastes of mines with adulteration. This method has important practical and guiding significance for the utilization and consumption of mine solid wastes and the restoration of mine ecological environment. In this study, four kinds of iron ore waste rock and tailings, sandy loam, medium loam and heavy loam were used in Dushan City, Laiyuan County. According to different ratio of iron ore and waste rock, four kinds of mixed soil are made up of "waste rock tailings" (class 鈪，
本文编号：2193158
[Abstract]:As a result of mining, the production of solid wastes in mines is large, the amount of stacks is large, the comprehensive utilization ratio is low, and the land is occupied and destroyed, and it is easy to induce disasters such as debris flows and ground collapses. Therefore, the mine solid waste has become a key factor threatening the ecological environment of mines, and at the same time, there is a lack of fine soil resources in mines, so how to make use of the limited fine soil resources, a large number of, The effective consumption of mine solid waste has become a hot spot in the research of mine ecological environment restoration, and it is also a difficult point. "planting mixed soil" is a method to improve the physical and chemical properties of mine solid waste and to establish plant site condition by filling the macropores between solid wastes of mines with adulteration. This method has important practical and guiding significance for the utilization and consumption of mine solid wastes and the restoration of mine ecological environment. In this study, four kinds of iron ore waste rock and tailings, sandy loam, medium loam and heavy loam were used in Dushan City, Laiyuan County. According to different ratio of iron ore and waste rock, four kinds of mixed soil are made up of "waste rock tailings" (class 鈪，
本文编号：2193158
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