炮孔空气间隔装药爆破技术研究

发布时间：2018-08-25 12:26

【摘要】：空气间隔装药技术可以提高炸药能量的有效利用率、获得理想的爆破效果,而且能有效地控制爆破危害、降低爆破成本,在国内外矿山及其他爆破工程中得到了广泛的应用。但由于爆破试验本身的特殊性和复杂性,尚未形成一套完整的系统理论体系来全面指导相关工程实践。本文评述了空气间隔装药技术的国内外发展状况,采用数值模拟与现场试验相结合的方式对空气间隔装药结构尝试进行优化,主要开展了以下工作:(1)从岩石爆破理论的角度分析了空气间隔装药结构对爆破效果的影响,总结了岩石爆破理论模型的发展过程和主要爆破力学应用程序,从理论层面研究了空气间隔装药的原理和特性。(2)从使得爆破能量能够分布地更为均匀的角度出发,设计了相邻炮孔空气间隔位置彼此错开布置的装药结构,来优化爆破能量在岩体中的整体分布情况,改善爆破效果。(3)使用AUTODYN软件对两种装药结构建立数值模型,通过数值模拟计算验证之前的推导,对数值模拟计算的结果进行了比较分析,对比两组装药结构模型的爆破效果。(4)在福建某施工现场对两种装药结构分别进行了爆破施工试验。从破岩效果、大块分布、爆破振动等角度来评价两种装药结构爆破效果的优劣,用工程实例来验证之前的理论推导。
[Abstract]:The air-spaced charge technology can improve the effective utilization rate of explosive energy, obtain ideal blasting effect, and can effectively control the blasting damage and reduce the blasting cost. It has been widely used in mines and other blasting projects at home and abroad. However, due to the particularity and complexity of blasting test itself, a complete system theory system has not been formed to guide the relevant engineering practice. This paper reviews the development of air spacer charge technology at home and abroad, and attempts to optimize the structure of air spacer charge by means of numerical simulation and field test. The main works are as follows: (1) from the point of view of rock blasting theory, the influence of air-spaced charge structure on blasting effect is analyzed, and the development process of rock blasting theory model and main blasting mechanics application program are summarized. The principle and characteristics of air spacer charge are studied theoretically. (2) from the point of view that the blasting energy can be distributed more evenly, the charge structure is designed, which is staggered between the air spacing positions of adjacent holes. In order to optimize the whole distribution of blasting energy in rock mass and improve the blasting effect. (3) the numerical model of two charge structures is established by using AUTODYN software, and the previous derivation is verified by numerical simulation. The results of numerical simulation are compared and analyzed, and the blasting effects of the two structural models are compared. (4) the blasting construction tests of the two charge structures are carried out at a certain construction site in Fujian Province. The blasting effect of the two charge structures is evaluated from the aspects of rock breaking effect, mass distribution and blasting vibration, and the former theoretical derivation is verified by an engineering example.
【学位授予单位】：长沙矿山研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD235.4

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