提高应力解除法地应力测量精度的研究

发布时间：2018-08-25 13:43

【摘要】：地应力是引发矿山施工变形和损坏的基本作用力，同样也是使其他地下或露天岩石开凿项目发生形变和损坏的基本作用力，它在很大水平上影响着巷道及其他岩体的稳固性。因此，对地应力进行测定，剖析围岩稳固性，从而明确工程岩体的力学属性，成为了实现岩土工程开挖设计必不可少的条件，同时也是计划科学化的首要任务。这就要求我们对地应力进行准确无误的测量。纵然世界上有很多种对地应力大小和方向进行测量的方法，然而在各种方法中使用最广泛的当属应力解除法，因为在全世界现存的地应力资料中，，一多半以上的数据都是使用应力解除法实地测得的。孔径变形计测量地应力是应力解除法的一种，因其较其他地应力测量方法具有精度高、操作简便等特点，在国内外都可以发现此方法在被广泛的应用。然而，当前我国在使用孔径变形计测量地应力场的时候，我们忽略了一些问题，致使我们的测量结果和实际的地应力状态有很大差异，这些问题大部分表现为我们在使用孔径变形计测量地应力时，我们缺少对变形计理论的认知基础，我们没有提前明白变形计的工作原理。就是因为存在了以上的问题，使得我们应力测量计算结果的真实性和精确性大大地降低。本文提出了几个影响到地应力测量精度的问题，并对解决这些问题做出了的技术和方法修正。以应力解除法测量地应力为研究出发点，在孔径变形测量方法的理论研究的基础上，重点开展孔径变形法的实验研究，对孔径变形测量方法中涉及岩石弹性模量和泊松比、岩石不连续性、岩石不均质性和岩石各向异性等物理力学参数进行实验研究，以确定不同物理参数对孔径变形法精度的影响。通过实验结果揭示内在联系并加以修正，使其测量精度大幅度提高。在此基础上结合具体应用实例，介绍孔径变形法在荆各庄矿地应力测量中的应用，根据测量结果分析该矿区应力大小和方向，为该矿科学合理开拓巷道提供了依据。
[Abstract]:Ground stress is the basic force to cause deformation and damage in mine construction, and it is also the basic force to cause deformation and damage in other underground or open-pit rock excavation projects. It affects the stability of roadway and other rock mass to a large extent. Therefore, the measurement of geostress, the analysis of the stability of surrounding rock mass and the determination of mechanical properties of engineering rock mass have become the essential conditions for the design of geotechnical engineering excavation, and are also the primary tasks of scientific planning. This requires us to accurately measure the ground stress. Although there are many methods of measuring the magnitude and direction of in-situ stress in the world, the most widely used method is the stress-relief method, because in the existing data of in-situ stress around the world, More than half of the data are measured in situ using the stress relief method. The in-situ stress measurement with aperture deformation meter is a kind of stress relief method. Because of its high precision and easy operation, this method can be widely used in the world. However, when we use the aperture deformation meter to measure the in-situ stress field in our country, we neglect some problems, which results in a great difference between our measurement results and the actual in-situ stress state. Most of these problems are due to the fact that we lack the basis of understanding the theory of deformation meter and we do not understand the working principle of deformation meter in advance when we use aperture deformation meter to measure in-situ stress. It is because of the above problems that the accuracy and authenticity of our stress measurement results are greatly reduced. In this paper, several problems affecting the precision of in-situ stress measurement are put forward, and some technical and methodological corrections are made to solve these problems. Based on the theoretical study of pore deformation measurement, the experimental study of pore deformation method is carried out. The elastic modulus of rock and Poisson's ratio are involved in the measurement of pore diameter deformation. The physical and mechanical parameters such as rock discontinuity, rock heterogeneity and rock anisotropy are experimentally studied in order to determine the influence of different physical parameters on the accuracy of the pore deformation method. Through the experimental results, the internal relation is revealed and corrected, which greatly improves the measurement accuracy. On the basis of this, the paper introduces the application of the pore diameter deformation method in the geostress measurement of Jinggezhuang Mine, and analyzes the magnitude and direction of the stress in the mining area according to the results of the survey, which provides the basis for the rational development of roadways in this mine.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD326

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