煤矿安全可视化管理图元提取及设计研究
发布时间：2018-09-03 14:23
【摘要】：随着“两化融合”、大数据时代的到来,信息技术的不断发展,为煤矿发展注入了新生动力,但同时也产生了海量数据,管理人员在这些多源异构、隐喻性强、难分辨的TB级的信息数据中无从入手,大大超出了管理人员的认知及感知范围,导致了信息管理效果不佳、资源利用率低、决策反应时间迟缓等问题,严重阻碍了煤矿安全管理的有序发展。而可视化管理则是将大量的数据转为视觉信息,由于实验已经证实,人的右脑处理图形图形的速度比左脑处理文字的能力快100倍,且记忆时间长、易进入长期记忆状态。因此,可视化管理则是解决以上问题的有效途径,其能够通过对海量数据信息的深度挖掘,通过认知科学及视觉规律,转化为可快速识别的图形图素,将隐含于信息中的重要内容进行迅速洞察及展现,进而提升信息认知效率,提高安全管理水平。基于视觉感知及认知,将信息仿真、模拟及类比成为一种形象、直观的可视化展示图形,并将其运用到煤矿安全管理活动当中,即安全可视化管理存在的根本之义,而图元正是安全可视化管理及安全可视化展示图形的基础及核心内容。图元作为构成图形的最小单元,是最简单、出现频率最高、最通用的几何图形或符号,是操作及组织图形基本的素材。通过图元及其图元属性的组合应用调整,可以实现各类安全可视化图形的展示,使得图形界面能够生动直观的展现客体对象的行为及基本状态,以便于管理者通过视图可清晰的了解到煤矿整体状态,实时掌握新变化及新信息,为煤矿提高安全可视化管理效率、满足可视化管理需求及管理者认知水平的提高,奠定了基础性作用。然而,由于现阶段对于图元的研究绝大多数仅仅限于计算机及计算机图形学领域,通过管理学及安全可视化管理等其他学科视角的研究十分匮乏。涉及到的图元提取、设计等方面研究,也仅停留于经验型、粗放型的井下图元类型汇总以及计算机技术上的图元研究,未形成系统的理论框架,缺乏理论机理层面分析与升华,对其适用性及合理性尚未作出定性定量分析,在实践中欠缺科学理论的指导。因此,与以往从计算机图形学领域对图元研究角度不同,本文创新性的与煤矿安全可视化管理实际相结合,以管理学、煤矿安全可视化管理视角,在煤矿安全可视化管理特点、内涵等内容的基础上,以更好的实现可视化管理效应,提高管理者对信息认知时间与效率,提升安全可视化管理水平为目标,从图元提取、图元设计及图元应用三个方面开展对可视化管理图元的具体研究。本论文是在国家自然科学基金“基于数据挖掘的煤矿安全可视化管理模型及图元体系研究”(基金编号:61471362)资助下完成的,项目共分为“知识可视化”、“展示可视化”、“可视化图元”研究三部分,本论文主要研究的是“可视化图元”部分,根据“理论研究、图元提取、图元设计、图元应用”的思路,论文共分为七个章节,具体内容为:第1章:绪论。本章首先阐明了煤矿安全可视化管理的意义,以及在信息化时代背景下遇到的管理及认知等问题,在此基础上论述了图元作为可视化展示图形的最小单位,对其研究具有重要意义,具有强烈的必要性与紧迫性。其次,对图元相关标准现状及图元研究进展进行了分析探讨,提出在可视化管理图元研究中,面临的三个主要问题。最后,在阐明研究目标及意义的基础上,以煤矿安全可视化管理视角,通过多种研究方法及三个主要研究内容,提出研究技术路线。第2章:文献综述。本章从本文研究的主要三个问题入手,首先对煤矿安全可视化管理相关概念进行界定,并对安全可视化管理图元的提取、图元设计、图元应用三个方面的研究成果进行了详细梳理与总结,由于眼动实验在图元设计及应用中起着定量分析的重要作用,因此对其进行了相关文献的调研工作。通过文献的研究与总结,探讨了研究内容在相关领域研究的不足与进展,进而为本文的研究奠定理论基础与方向。第3章:煤矿安全可视化管理图元理论框架。首先介绍了煤矿安全管理及安全可视化管理的概念及内容,在此基础上,阐述了煤矿安全可视化管理图元的内涵、生成的数学表达、内容、功能及特性。结合安全可视化管理内容及特点,从安全可视化管理图元作为信息传播媒介,以及对管理过程作用两方面的角度,论述了其作用机理。在此基础上,从语言学、符号学两方面解析图元层级结构及内容,由此构建了煤矿安全可视化管理图元理论体系及框架,并明确了研究的三个核心问题。第4章:针对煤矿安全可视化管理图元的提取进行系统研究。首先根据安全可视化管理的层次分析,共分为两个层面的研究:基本图元及专业图元的研究。基于煤矿安全可视化管理现状及需求分析,针对基本图元的提取研究,在各图元标准、系统及软件的图元提取内容的基础上,构建了基本图元OMP提取模型,并在模型的基础上,运用专家评价法、频数分布分析及聚类分析等方法,对基本图元进行提取,并通过对煤矿现有870个符号运用图元拆分法得到相应基本图元,并以此对提取出的基本图元验证,结果证明根据OMP模型提取出的基本图元具有完整性及可支持性,最终得到煤矿安全可视化管理24个基本图元;对于专业图元提取,首先建立在煤矿安全可视化管理信息内容的基础上,利用调查问卷及EFA方法,确定了有效信息内容;其次,以建立相关因素矩阵形式,构建了以定量方式判别图元是否被提取的依据与规则,明确了专业图元提取规则;最后,构建了安全可视化管理专业图元CEPP提取模型,进一步明确了专业图元提取方法。第5章:针对第四章所提取的通风专业未有图元进行设计选择研究,以完善现有可视化管理专业图元。根据可视化管理图元设计需求及影响因素分析,引出在图元设计中重要的图元认知因素,并运用德国SMI公司生产型号为REDn眼动仪,对主要认知因素形状、颜色、尺寸、数量进行眼动实验研究,为图元的设计提供理论指导。并根据设计心理学、原型匹配等相关理论,以提升图元认知效率及可视化管理效应为目标,提出安全可视化管理图元设计选择PDCE模型,并根据设计步骤对27个未有图元进行了三种选项的实例设计。针对以上27组各三类图元的设计,运用图元二维选择方法:眼动选择实验及问题调查的方式,通过眼动实验数据的分析及调查选择,选取最为适宜的图元表达图形,并对所设计图元进行修改及完善,最终形成适宜可视化管理展示的通风类图形提供图元素材。第6章:根据煤矿安全可视化管理特点及需求,通过产品质量设计模型推导出构建安全可视化管理图元应用要素模型,根据要素模型分析图元应用包含的三个主要要素,并从三要素入手,构建了图元应用RCEG模型,并选取井下环境监测作为示例进行研究;结合模型所得图形,将其与数据表、仅有基本图元应用的可视化图形,运用定性(AHP分析)与定量(眼动实验)两种方法分别进行两两比较,结果证明运用该模型所成图形,能够节省认知时间,提高管理效率。第7章:结论与展望。在总结以上研究成果的基础上,阐明了本文的研究结论与创新点,并明确了进一步研究的方向。本文的创新点主要有:1)构建了基于语言学、符号学两个视角的图元层级结构及内容,由此构建了煤矿安全可视化管理图元理论体系及框架;2)提出了煤矿安全可视化管理基本图元OMP提取模型及专业图元CEPP提取模型,解决了如何提取基本与专业图元的方法问题;3)提出了煤矿安全可视化管理图元设计选择PDCE过程模型,并基于该模型,依托眼动技术及实验完成了未有图元的设计及选择研究;4)建立了煤矿安全可视化管理RCEG图元应用模型,提出了图元组合应用方法,并运用AHP的定性方法与眼动实验的定量方法进行效果分析研究。
[Abstract]:With the arrival of the "integration of two modernizations", the era of big data and the continuous development of information technology, the development of coal mine has injected new impetus, but also produced massive data, managers in these multi-source heterogeneous, metaphorical, difficult to distinguish TB-level information data can not start, greatly beyond the managers'cognition and perception of the scope of guidance. As a result, the information management effect is not good, the resource utilization rate is low, the decision-making response time is slow and other issues, seriously hindering the orderly development of coal mine safety management. Visualization management is an effective way to solve the above problems. It can transform the massive data information into fast recognizable graphic elements through deep mining, cognitive science and visual rules, and quickly reveal the important contents hidden in the information. Based on visual perception and cognition, information simulation, simulation and analogy become an image, intuitive visual display graphics, and apply it to coal mine safety management activities, that is, the fundamental meaning of the existence of safety visualization management, and graphic primitives are safety visualization management and Graphic elements, as the smallest unit of graphics, are the simplest, most frequently used geometric figures or symbols, and are the basic materials for manipulating and organizing graphics. The graphical interface can vividly and intuitively display the behavior and basic state of the object object, so that the manager can clearly understand the overall state of the coal mine through the view, grasp the new changes and new information in real time, improve the efficiency of the coal mine safety visualization management, meet the requirements of the visualization management and improve the cognitive level of the manager. However, most of the current research on primitives is limited to the field of computer and computer graphics, and the research from the perspective of management and safety visualization management is very scarce. Type summary and computer graphics meta-research have not formed a systematic theoretical framework, lack of theoretical mechanism level analysis and sublimation, have not yet made qualitative and quantitative analysis of its applicability and rationality, lack of scientific theory guidance in practice. Combining innovatively with the reality of coal mine safety visualization management, taking management science and coal mine safety visualization management perspective, based on the characteristics and connotation of coal mine safety visualization management, aiming at achieving better visualization management effect, improving the time and efficiency of information cognition of managers, and improving the level of safety visualization management. This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) "Research on Visual Management Model and Element System of Coal Mine Safety Based on Data Mining". The project is divided into "Knowledge Visualization". According to the thought of "theoretical research, graphic element extraction, graphic element design, graphic element application", the paper is divided into seven chapters, the specific content is: Chapter 1: Introduction. This chapter first clarifies the visual management of coal mine safety. Meaning, management and cognition under the background of information age are also discussed. On this basis, as the smallest unit of visual display graphics, the research of graphic elements is of great significance and urgency. Secondly, the status quo of relevant standards of graphic elements and the research progress of graphic elements are analyzed and discussed. Finally, on the basis of clarifying the research objectives and significance, this paper puts forward the research technical route through a variety of research methods and three main research contents from the visual management perspective of coal mine safety. Chapter 2: literature review. This chapter starts with the main three issues of this paper, first of all. Firstly, the related concepts of visual management of coal mine safety are defined, and the research results of graphic element extraction, graphic element design and graphic element application are summarized in detail. Eye movement experiment plays an important role in the quantitative analysis of graphic element design and application, so the related literature is carried out. Through the research and summary of the literature, this paper discusses the deficiencies and progress of the research content in the related fields, and then lays a theoretical foundation and direction for the study of this paper. In this paper, the connotation, the mathematical expression, the content, the function and the characteristics of the graphic element of the visualized management of coal mine safety are expounded. Semiotics analyzes the hierarchical structure and content of primitives, and then constructs the theoretical system and framework of visualized management primitives for coal mine safety, and clarifies the three core issues. Chapter 4: Systematic research on the extraction of visualized management primitives for coal mine safety. Based on the status quo and requirement analysis of coal mine safety visualization management, this paper studies the extraction of basic primitives, constructs the extraction model of basic primitives OMP on the basis of the extraction content of each primitive standard, system and software, and uses the expert evaluation method on the basis of the model. Frequency distribution analysis and clustering analysis are used to extract the basic primitives, and the corresponding basic primitives are obtained by using primitive splitting method for 870 existing symbols in coal mine. The results show that the basic primitives extracted from OMP model are complete and supportable, and finally the safety of coal mine is obtained. Fully visualized management of 24 basic primitives; for the extraction of professional primitives, firstly, based on the content of visualized management information of coal mine safety, the effective information content is determined by questionnaire and EFA method; secondly, the basis and rules for quantitatively judging whether primitives are extracted are constructed by establishing a matrix of related factors. Finally, the CEPP extraction model for safety visualization management majors is constructed to further clarify the extraction method of professional primitives. Chapter 5: Design selection research is carried out to improve the existing visualization management majors primitives according to the absence of primitives in the ventilation majors extracted in Chapter 4. By analyzing the design requirements and influencing factors, the important meta-cognitive factors in meta-design are drawn out. The shape, color, size and quantity of the main cognitive factors are studied by using REDn eye movement instrument manufactured by German SMI Company, which provides theoretical guidance for meta-design. According to the design psychology, prototype matching and other related theories, eye movement experiments are carried out to study the shape, color, size and quantity of the main cognitive factors. In order to improve the efficiency of meta-cognition and visual management effect, a PDCE model for meta-design selection of security visual management is proposed. According to the design steps, 27 non-meta-designs are exemplified by three options. Through the analysis and investigation of eye movement experimental data, the most suitable graphic elements are selected to express the graphic elements, and the designed graphic elements are modified and perfected. Finally, ventilation graphics suitable for visual management and display are formed to provide graphic elements. Chapter 6: According to the characteristics and requirements of visual management of coal mine safety, through product quality. The design model deduces the application factor model of graphic element for safety visualization management, analyzes the three main elements of graphic element application according to the model, and starts with the three elements, constructs the RCEG model of graphic element application, and chooses the underground environment monitoring as an example to study. The visual graphics of primitive application are compared by two methods, qualitative (AHP) analysis and quantitative (eye movement experiment). The results show that the graphics generated by this model can save cognitive time and improve management efficiency. Chapter 7: conclusions and prospects. The main innovations of this paper are as follows: 1) Constructing the meta-hierarchical structure and content based on two perspectives of linguistics and semiotics, thus constructing the meta-theory system and framework of coal mine safety visualization management; 2) Putting forward the basic meta-OMP extraction model and professional map of coal mine safety visualization management. Meta-CEPP extraction model solves the problem of how to extract basic and professional primitives; 3) Put forward the PDCE process model of graphic primitives design and selection of coal mine safety visualization management, and based on this model, relying on eye movement technology and experiments, complete the design and selection of non-graphic primitives; 4) Establish the application of RCEG graphic primitives in coal mine safety visualization management. In this model, the application method of primitive combination is proposed, and the qualitative method of AHP and the quantitative method of eye movement experiment are used to analyze the effect.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD79
，
本文编号：2220227
[Abstract]:With the arrival of the "integration of two modernizations", the era of big data and the continuous development of information technology, the development of coal mine has injected new impetus, but also produced massive data, managers in these multi-source heterogeneous, metaphorical, difficult to distinguish TB-level information data can not start, greatly beyond the managers'cognition and perception of the scope of guidance. As a result, the information management effect is not good, the resource utilization rate is low, the decision-making response time is slow and other issues, seriously hindering the orderly development of coal mine safety management. Visualization management is an effective way to solve the above problems. It can transform the massive data information into fast recognizable graphic elements through deep mining, cognitive science and visual rules, and quickly reveal the important contents hidden in the information. Based on visual perception and cognition, information simulation, simulation and analogy become an image, intuitive visual display graphics, and apply it to coal mine safety management activities, that is, the fundamental meaning of the existence of safety visualization management, and graphic primitives are safety visualization management and Graphic elements, as the smallest unit of graphics, are the simplest, most frequently used geometric figures or symbols, and are the basic materials for manipulating and organizing graphics. The graphical interface can vividly and intuitively display the behavior and basic state of the object object, so that the manager can clearly understand the overall state of the coal mine through the view, grasp the new changes and new information in real time, improve the efficiency of the coal mine safety visualization management, meet the requirements of the visualization management and improve the cognitive level of the manager. However, most of the current research on primitives is limited to the field of computer and computer graphics, and the research from the perspective of management and safety visualization management is very scarce. Type summary and computer graphics meta-research have not formed a systematic theoretical framework, lack of theoretical mechanism level analysis and sublimation, have not yet made qualitative and quantitative analysis of its applicability and rationality, lack of scientific theory guidance in practice. Combining innovatively with the reality of coal mine safety visualization management, taking management science and coal mine safety visualization management perspective, based on the characteristics and connotation of coal mine safety visualization management, aiming at achieving better visualization management effect, improving the time and efficiency of information cognition of managers, and improving the level of safety visualization management. This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) "Research on Visual Management Model and Element System of Coal Mine Safety Based on Data Mining". The project is divided into "Knowledge Visualization". According to the thought of "theoretical research, graphic element extraction, graphic element design, graphic element application", the paper is divided into seven chapters, the specific content is: Chapter 1: Introduction. This chapter first clarifies the visual management of coal mine safety. Meaning, management and cognition under the background of information age are also discussed. On this basis, as the smallest unit of visual display graphics, the research of graphic elements is of great significance and urgency. Secondly, the status quo of relevant standards of graphic elements and the research progress of graphic elements are analyzed and discussed. Finally, on the basis of clarifying the research objectives and significance, this paper puts forward the research technical route through a variety of research methods and three main research contents from the visual management perspective of coal mine safety. Chapter 2: literature review. This chapter starts with the main three issues of this paper, first of all. Firstly, the related concepts of visual management of coal mine safety are defined, and the research results of graphic element extraction, graphic element design and graphic element application are summarized in detail. Eye movement experiment plays an important role in the quantitative analysis of graphic element design and application, so the related literature is carried out. Through the research and summary of the literature, this paper discusses the deficiencies and progress of the research content in the related fields, and then lays a theoretical foundation and direction for the study of this paper. In this paper, the connotation, the mathematical expression, the content, the function and the characteristics of the graphic element of the visualized management of coal mine safety are expounded. Semiotics analyzes the hierarchical structure and content of primitives, and then constructs the theoretical system and framework of visualized management primitives for coal mine safety, and clarifies the three core issues. Chapter 4: Systematic research on the extraction of visualized management primitives for coal mine safety. Based on the status quo and requirement analysis of coal mine safety visualization management, this paper studies the extraction of basic primitives, constructs the extraction model of basic primitives OMP on the basis of the extraction content of each primitive standard, system and software, and uses the expert evaluation method on the basis of the model. Frequency distribution analysis and clustering analysis are used to extract the basic primitives, and the corresponding basic primitives are obtained by using primitive splitting method for 870 existing symbols in coal mine. The results show that the basic primitives extracted from OMP model are complete and supportable, and finally the safety of coal mine is obtained. Fully visualized management of 24 basic primitives; for the extraction of professional primitives, firstly, based on the content of visualized management information of coal mine safety, the effective information content is determined by questionnaire and EFA method; secondly, the basis and rules for quantitatively judging whether primitives are extracted are constructed by establishing a matrix of related factors. Finally, the CEPP extraction model for safety visualization management majors is constructed to further clarify the extraction method of professional primitives. Chapter 5: Design selection research is carried out to improve the existing visualization management majors primitives according to the absence of primitives in the ventilation majors extracted in Chapter 4. By analyzing the design requirements and influencing factors, the important meta-cognitive factors in meta-design are drawn out. The shape, color, size and quantity of the main cognitive factors are studied by using REDn eye movement instrument manufactured by German SMI Company, which provides theoretical guidance for meta-design. According to the design psychology, prototype matching and other related theories, eye movement experiments are carried out to study the shape, color, size and quantity of the main cognitive factors. In order to improve the efficiency of meta-cognition and visual management effect, a PDCE model for meta-design selection of security visual management is proposed. According to the design steps, 27 non-meta-designs are exemplified by three options. Through the analysis and investigation of eye movement experimental data, the most suitable graphic elements are selected to express the graphic elements, and the designed graphic elements are modified and perfected. Finally, ventilation graphics suitable for visual management and display are formed to provide graphic elements. Chapter 6: According to the characteristics and requirements of visual management of coal mine safety, through product quality. The design model deduces the application factor model of graphic element for safety visualization management, analyzes the three main elements of graphic element application according to the model, and starts with the three elements, constructs the RCEG model of graphic element application, and chooses the underground environment monitoring as an example to study. The visual graphics of primitive application are compared by two methods, qualitative (AHP) analysis and quantitative (eye movement experiment). The results show that the graphics generated by this model can save cognitive time and improve management efficiency. Chapter 7: conclusions and prospects. The main innovations of this paper are as follows: 1) Constructing the meta-hierarchical structure and content based on two perspectives of linguistics and semiotics, thus constructing the meta-theory system and framework of coal mine safety visualization management; 2) Putting forward the basic meta-OMP extraction model and professional map of coal mine safety visualization management. Meta-CEPP extraction model solves the problem of how to extract basic and professional primitives; 3) Put forward the PDCE process model of graphic primitives design and selection of coal mine safety visualization management, and based on this model, relying on eye movement technology and experiments, complete the design and selection of non-graphic primitives; 4) Establish the application of RCEG graphic primitives in coal mine safety visualization management. In this model, the application method of primitive combination is proposed, and the qualitative method of AHP and the quantitative method of eye movement experiment are used to analyze the effect.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD79
，
本文编号：2220227
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