黄土塬地震资料处理关键技术研究
发布时间：2018-09-03 14:44
【摘要】：随着时代的不断发展,人们对石油与煤炭的需求与日俱增,为此人们加大了对其勘探开发的力度。近年来,人们发现黄土塬地区蕴藏着丰富的煤与煤层气,为了对黄土塬地区开展煤层气储层预测和全波形反演等研究工作,需要对黄土塬区地震资料进行高信噪比、高分辨率、高保真度处理。黄土塬区地震地质条件十分复杂,所采集到的地震资料初至扭曲严重,噪音种类繁多,能量差异大,信号主频低,提高资料的信噪比和分辨率十分困难。针对黄土塬的地质和地震资料情况,结合地震资料处理三高的要求,研究了高保真多域联合噪音压制技术、振幅一致性精细处理技术和高分辨率处理技术。其主要步骤为在对地震资料进行野外静校正后,为了利于信噪分离,先进行地表一致性振幅补偿,接着在炮域利用分频中值滤波技术压制异常振幅,然后转到十字交叉排列域,结合LIFT技术和分频中值滤波技术压制近炮点强能量,最后用三维FKK滤波压制线性干扰;去噪之后,为了提高反射振幅保真度,先反掉之前的振幅补偿量,重新进行地表一致性振幅补偿,然后进行四维空间剩余振幅补偿,对于横向振幅受资料信噪比不同导致的不均匀问题,提出了采用信噪分离,对有效信号进行地表一致性振幅补偿因子提取并应用于整个数据的方法;在提高分辨率的环节,先运用稳健地表一致性反褶积使不同地表环境下的地震子波保持一致,然后采用预测反褶积进行子波的压缩,使子波零相位化,最后用谱约束反褶积来拓宽频带。结合鄂尔多斯盆地东部黄土塬地震资料,应用以上技术进行处理,虽然复杂多变的处理流程使得计算量和成本大大增加,但是资料的信噪比和分辨率得到了很大的提升,横向振幅的强弱受不同地表资料信噪比高低的影响也被有效减弱,基本达到了三高的要求。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, the demand for oil and coal is increasing day by day. In recent years, it has been found that there are abundant coal and coalbed methane in loess plateau area. In order to carry out the research work of coalbed methane reservoir prediction and full waveform inversion, it is necessary to carry out high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and high resolution of seismic data in loess plateau area. High fidelity processing. The seismic geological conditions in the Loess Plateau are very complicated, the first arrival distortion of the collected seismic data is serious, the noise types are various, the energy difference is large, the signal frequency is low, and it is very difficult to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the data. According to the geological and seismic data of the loess plateau, combined with the requirements of seismic data processing, the high fidelity multi-domain combined noise suppression technology, amplitude consistency fine processing technology and high resolution processing technology are studied. The main steps are that, after the field static correction of seismic data, in order to facilitate the separation of signal and noise, the ground surface consistent amplitude compensation is first carried out, and then the abnormal amplitude is suppressed in the gunnery domain by using the technique of frequency-dividing median filter, and then transferred to the cross permutation domain. Combined with LIFT technique and frequency-division median filter technique to suppress the strong energy near the shot point, finally the linear interference is suppressed by using three-dimensional FKK filter, after denoising, in order to improve the fidelity of the reflection amplitude, the amplitude compensation amount is reversed first. The ground surface consistent amplitude compensation is carried out again, and then the residual amplitude compensation in four dimensional space is carried out. For the non-uniform problem of lateral amplitude caused by different signal-to-noise ratio of the data, the separation of signal and noise is proposed. In order to improve the resolution, the robust surface consistency deconvolution is used to keep the seismic wavelet consistent in different surface environments, and the effective signal is extracted from the surface consistency amplitude compensation factor and applied to the whole data. Then the wavelet is compressed by predictive deconvolution, which makes the wavelet zero phase. Finally, spectral constrained deconvolution is used to widen the frequency band. Combined with the seismic data of loess plateau in the eastern part of Ordos Basin, though the complex and changeable processing process greatly increases the calculation amount and cost, the SNR and resolution of the data are greatly improved. The lateral amplitude is affected by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of different surface data.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P631.4
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, the demand for oil and coal is increasing day by day. In recent years, it has been found that there are abundant coal and coalbed methane in loess plateau area. In order to carry out the research work of coalbed methane reservoir prediction and full waveform inversion, it is necessary to carry out high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and high resolution of seismic data in loess plateau area. High fidelity processing. The seismic geological conditions in the Loess Plateau are very complicated, the first arrival distortion of the collected seismic data is serious, the noise types are various, the energy difference is large, the signal frequency is low, and it is very difficult to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the data. According to the geological and seismic data of the loess plateau, combined with the requirements of seismic data processing, the high fidelity multi-domain combined noise suppression technology, amplitude consistency fine processing technology and high resolution processing technology are studied. The main steps are that, after the field static correction of seismic data, in order to facilitate the separation of signal and noise, the ground surface consistent amplitude compensation is first carried out, and then the abnormal amplitude is suppressed in the gunnery domain by using the technique of frequency-dividing median filter, and then transferred to the cross permutation domain. Combined with LIFT technique and frequency-division median filter technique to suppress the strong energy near the shot point, finally the linear interference is suppressed by using three-dimensional FKK filter, after denoising, in order to improve the fidelity of the reflection amplitude, the amplitude compensation amount is reversed first. The ground surface consistent amplitude compensation is carried out again, and then the residual amplitude compensation in four dimensional space is carried out. For the non-uniform problem of lateral amplitude caused by different signal-to-noise ratio of the data, the separation of signal and noise is proposed. In order to improve the resolution, the robust surface consistency deconvolution is used to keep the seismic wavelet consistent in different surface environments, and the effective signal is extracted from the surface consistency amplitude compensation factor and applied to the whole data. Then the wavelet is compressed by predictive deconvolution, which makes the wavelet zero phase. Finally, spectral constrained deconvolution is used to widen the frequency band. Combined with the seismic data of loess plateau in the eastern part of Ordos Basin, though the complex and changeable processing process greatly increases the calculation amount and cost, the SNR and resolution of the data are greatly improved. The lateral amplitude is affected by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of different surface data.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P631.4
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
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2 江微娜;孙U，
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