四川某高硫难处理辉碲铋矿的选矿工艺研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 16:26

【摘要】：碲被广泛应用于冶金、电子、化工、玻璃、陶瓷及医药等行业和领域,特别是在新能源新材料、国防与尖端技术领域中的不可替代性,是一种具有重大前景的战略资源。我国每年消耗的碲金属约30t,但产量却不足10t,大部分需从国外进口,碲产量远不能满足工业发展的需求。四川某独立碲矿床中碲的远景储量达2000t,但碲品位普遍较低,而且矿石中有用矿物组成复杂,共生关系密切,矿物嵌布粒度分布不均匀,硫含量很高,硫铁矿与辉碲铋矿可浮性相似,致使该地低品位难处理辉碲铋矿仍未得到有效的开发和利用。因此,强化对辉碲铋矿的捕收,加强对硫铁矿的抑制以及选别工艺流程的改进对于开发当地宝贵的碲矿资源,减缓碲供需不足具有重要意义。根据辉碲铋矿与硫铁矿矿物性质的差异,选择辉碲铋矿的高效捕收剂和硫铁矿的有效抑制剂是试验研究的重要方向。本文通过大量的条件试验,最终选择乙硫氮与丁黄药作为辉碲铋矿的组合捕收剂,石灰+水玻璃+亚硫酸钠为硫铁矿与脉石矿物的有效抑制剂。在工艺流程方面,磁-浮选联合的选矿工艺,然后依次浮选辉碲铋矿和硫铁矿工艺,实现了辉碲铋矿与黄铁矿的有效选别,获得了碲品位18.94%、回收率91.40%的碲精矿以及硫品位40.39%、回收率90.69%的硫精矿。试验结果为该地矿物资源的综合回收提供了必要的技术依据。浮选药剂与纯矿物的作用机理研究表明：石灰+水玻璃+亚硫酸钠的组合抑制剂可以充分发挥药剂间的协同作用,从而很好的对磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿起抑制作用,具体体现为：首先,生成Ca(OH)2、Fe(OH)2、Fe(OH)3、CaSO3、CaSO4、SiO(OH);以及Ca[SiO(OH)3]2等水化性很强的离子组分及胶粒选择性的附着在硫铁矿表面,提高了硫铁矿的亲水能力,阻碍了捕收剂的吸附；其次,亚硫酸钠可以清洗附着在硫铁矿表面的捕收剂与活性金属离子并消耗矿浆中的氧气,降低矿浆电位,从而阻碍硫铁矿氧化成硫单质,降低硫铁矿的可浮性。另外,水玻璃还可减少微细粒及矿泥之间的无选择性絮凝及罩盖,减少浮选药剂的用量,并提高浮选药剂的选择性。浮选试验,吸附量试验以及动电位试验表明,乙硫氮对辉碲铋矿的捕收能力较强,且选择性较好。通过吸附量试验、动电位测试以及红外光谱研究了捕收剂乙硫氮与纯矿物表面的作用机理是乙硫氮在辉碲铋矿表面发生化学吸附,而在黄铁矿表面则主要发生物理吸附。
[Abstract]:Tellurium is widely used in the fields of metallurgy, electronics, chemical industry, glass, ceramics and medicine, especially in the field of new energy, new materials, national defense and advanced technology. Tellurium is a kind of strategic resource with great prospect. China consumes about 30 tons of tellurium every year, but its output is less than 10 tons, most of which need to be imported from abroad. The production of tellurium is far from meeting the demand of industrial development. The potential reserves of tellurium in an independent tellurium deposit in Sichuan reach 2000t, but the tellurium grade is generally low, and the useful mineral composition in the ore is complex, the symbiosis is close, the distribution of mineral inlay granularity is uneven, and the sulfur content is very high. The floatability of pyrite is similar to that of bismuth tellurite, so the low grade refractory bismuth tellurite has not been effectively exploited and utilized. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the collection of bismuth pyrite, to restrain pyrite and to improve the separation process for exploiting valuable tellurium resources and reducing the shortage of supply and demand of tellurium. According to the difference of mineral properties between bismuth tellurite and pyrite, the selection of high efficiency collector and effective inhibitor of pyrite is an important direction of experimental research. In this paper, through a large number of conditional tests, ethylthionium and butyl xanthate are selected as the combined collector of bismuth pyrite and sodium sulfite of lime sodium silicate as effective inhibitors of pyrite and gangue minerals. In the aspect of technological process, the separation of bismuth tellurite and pyrite is realized by the combination of magnetic flotation and flotation, and then floatation of bismuth pyrite and tellurite in turn. The tellurium concentrate with recovery rate of 91.40%, sulfur grade of 40.39% and sulfur concentrate of 90.69% were obtained. The experimental results provide the necessary technical basis for the comprehensive recovery of mineral resources in this area. The study on the mechanism of flotation reagents and pure minerals shows that the combined depressants of lime sodium silicate sulfite can give full play to the synergistic action between the reagents and thus play a good role in inhibiting pyrrhotite and pyrite. The main results are as follows: first, the formation of Ca (OH) _ 2o _ 2 Fe (OH) _ (2) Fe (OH) _ (3) CaSO _ 3 / CaSO _ 4 Sio _ (OH);) and Ca [SiO (OH) _ 3] _ 2 are highly hydrated and selectively attached to the surface of pyrite, which improves the hydrophilic ability of pyrite and hinders the adsorption of collector; Sodium sulfite can clean the collector and active metal ions attached to the surface of pyrite and consume oxygen in the pulp, reduce the pulp potential, thus hinder the oxidation of pyrite to sulfur and reduce the floatability of pyrite. In addition, water glass can also reduce the non-selective flocculation and cover between fine particles and slime, reduce the dosage of flotation reagents, and improve the selectivity of flotation reagents. Flotation test adsorption capacity test and potentiodynamic test show that ethylthionitrogen has strong collecting ability and good selectivity to bismuth pyrite. By means of adsorption capacity test, potentiodynamic measurement and infrared spectroscopy, the mechanism of the interaction between ethylthion and pure mineral surface was studied. The chemical adsorption of ethylthion on the surface of bismuth tellurite and the physical adsorption on the surface of pyrite were studied.
【学位授予单位】：北京有色金属研究总院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD92

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