大孤山铁矿不耦合装药预裂爆破生产试验研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 19:31

【摘要】：在占我国冶金矿山开采量80%的露天开采生产中,台阶穿孔爆破作为生产过程中的主要环节,对提高资源利用率和降低成本具有举足轻重的作用。伴随着大范围大量的爆破生产,一系列不可忽略的影响接踵而来,最能引起人们重视的就是爆破振动效应引发的危险,即爆破振动引起的工程安全问题和民事纠纷,另外矿山生产爆破对岩体有较大的破坏作用,造成岩体进一步破碎,强度降低,为后期边坡维护带来困难以及巨大的经济损失。所以通过提高爆破技术来降低生产成本已经刻不容缓了。以鞍钢集团矿业公司“高效靠帮控制爆破技术研究”为工程背景,在理论研究的基础上,在有限元软件ANSYS下建模,对不耦合系数分别取K=1,K=1.67,K=2.27,K=3.33,K=4.17的爆破过程进行数值模拟,得出相应的应力云图以及所选五个点的应力响应值。重点分析相邻炮孔连线中点单元拉应力,将不耦合系数K与两相邻炮孔连线中点的拉应力进行回归分析,且对比大孤山特有岩种片麻岩的具体岩石物理力学参数,得出当不耦合系数为2.27时应力响应值较理想。结合数值模拟情况,利用两种不耦合药柱在矿山现场进行生产试验,试验结束后,对预裂缝的实际成型效果和尺寸大小、半壁孔率和保留壁面平整度等进行拍照统计,将以上拍照统计的预裂效果与相近情况下矿山原来孔底集中装药预裂爆破的预裂效果进行对比分析,得出使用不耦合药柱能得到理想的预裂效果,使用聚能不耦合药柱效果更明显。同时将TC-4850爆破测振仪采集到的有关波形数据进行分析,对比振幅、频率、振动延时,同时对比三矢合成后的振速和振动延时,不耦合装药预裂爆破在各参数都明显占优,说明起到了明显的隔振降震作用,使用聚能不耦合药柱效果更加明显。
[Abstract]:In the open-pit mining, which accounts for 80% of the mining capacity of metallurgical mines in China, step perforation blasting is the main link in the production process, which plays an important role in improving the utilization ratio of resources and reducing the cost. With a large number of blasting production, a series of unneglectable effects are coming, and the most important thing is the danger caused by blasting vibration, that is, engineering safety problems and civil disputes caused by blasting vibration. In addition, mine blasting has great damage to rock mass, resulting in further breakage of rock mass and decrease of strength, which brings difficulties and huge economic losses to slope maintenance in the later stage. So it is urgent to improve the blasting technology to reduce the production cost. Based on the engineering background of "study on the technique of controlled blasting of high efficiency side by side" in Angang Mining Group Corporation, based on the theoretical research, the blasting process of the uncoupled coefficient of K _ (1) / K _ (1.67) K _ (1.67) K _ (2.27) K ~ (3) ~ (3) ~ (3) ~ (3) K _ (4. 17) is simulated numerically under the finite element software ANSYS. The corresponding stress cloud diagram and the stress response values of the selected five points are obtained. The tensile stress at the middle point of the adjacent hole line is analyzed emphatically, the uncoupling coefficient K is regressed with the tensile stress at the middle point of the line of the two adjacent holes, and the specific rock physical and mechanical parameters of the gneiss endemic to Dagushan are compared. It is concluded that the stress response value is ideal when the uncoupling coefficient is 2.27. Combined with the numerical simulation, two kinds of uncoupled charge columns were used to carry out the production test in the mine field. After the test, the actual forming effect and size of the pre-crack, the half-wall porosity and the planeness of the reserved wall were photographed and counted. By comparing and analyzing the pre-splitting effect of the pre-splitting blasting with the original centralized charge at the bottom of the mine under the similar conditions, it is concluded that the ideal pre-splitting effect can be obtained by using the uncoupled charge column. The effect of using uncoupled charge column with shaped energy is more obvious. At the same time, the wave data collected by the TC-4850 blasting vibration detector are analyzed to compare the amplitude, frequency and vibration delay, and at the same time to compare the vibration velocity and the vibration delay after the three-vector synthesis, the uncoupled charge pre-splitting blasting is obviously superior in every parameter. The results show that the effect of vibration isolation and earthquake reduction is obvious, and the effect of using uncoupled charge column with shaped energy is more obvious.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD235

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