长治盆地群采区含水层结构变异及水资源动态研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 16:05

【摘要】：经济快速发展需求下高强度煤炭资源开发已经造成含水层结构发生变异,导致区域含水介质非均质性动态演化,严重影响了地下水循环演化态势,这是煤矿区地下水资源短缺和破坏的根本原因。本文从采动引起的覆岩移动入手,在资料分析的基础上,采用相似材料模拟、野外监测、现场注(压)水实验的方法,运用水文地质学原理、分形理论研究了采煤引起含水层结构变异厚度及其渗透性变化特征;在此基础上,研究了采煤引起水资源动态特征;以长治盆地集中开采区水文地质条件和水资源状况为基础,根据采煤引起当地含水层结构变异和水资源分布情况,确定水资源影响程度分区标准,并圈定了采煤对研究区水资源影响程度分区范围,为研究含水层结构变异后的地下水循环机理和水资源重新分布提供技术支撑。(1)从水文地质的角度出发,提出了关键隔水层的概念,由此确定了含水层结构变异厚度的判断依据:当岩层厚度M满足(?)时,该岩层所在位置即为变异含水层厚度。关键隔水层概念的提出延展了采煤理论"关键层"的内涵。以关键隔水层为界,将含水层空间结构分为水位波动带和水位骤降带。(2)水位波动带中含水层结构基本上遵循原岩结构体,水位随采煤发生波动水资源未发生漏失,经历下降期和回升期;整体上采煤影响范围比非影响范围内渗透性大5-15倍,采煤影响范围以靠近煤壁附近渗透性最大,在采空区中部略小。(3)水位骤降带中裂隙发育呈分区特征,不同区域裂隙条数、角度、所占面积存在明显差异,根据裂隙发育特征,结合注水试验将水位骤降带的渗透特征分为垮落储水区、裂隙渗透区、裂隙强径流区和离层管流区。并从理论上提出了水位骤降带储水极限量和储水实时量的数学表达式。(4)以长治盆地集中开采区水文地质条件和水资源状况为基础,根据采煤引起当地含水层结构变异和水资源分布情况,将研究区水资源影响程度分为水资源严重影响区、水资源中等影响区、水资源一般影响区和水资源未影响区。
[Abstract]:The development of high-intensity coal resources under the demand of rapid economic development has caused the variation of aquifer structure, which has led to the dynamic evolution of heterogeneity of regional water-bearing medium, which has seriously affected the situation of groundwater circulation evolution. This is the fundamental cause of the shortage and destruction of groundwater resources in coal mining areas. Starting with the overburden movement caused by mining, on the basis of data analysis, this paper adopts the methods of similar material simulation, field monitoring and field water injection (pressure) experiment, and applies the principle of hydrogeology. Fractal theory studies the variation thickness and permeability of aquifer structure caused by coal mining, on the basis of which, the dynamic characteristics of water resources caused by coal mining are studied, and the hydrogeological conditions and water resources conditions in the concentrated mining area of Changzhi Basin are taken as the basis. According to the variation of local aquifer structure and the distribution of water resources caused by coal mining, the zoning criteria of water resources influence degree are determined, and the zoning range of water resources influence degree of coal mining on the study area is delineated. It provides technical support for the study of groundwater circulation mechanism and redistribution of water resources after structural variation of aquifer. (1) from the viewpoint of hydrogeology, the concept of key water-separating layer is put forward. The basis of determining the variation thickness of aquifer structure is as follows: when the thickness of rock layer M satisfies (?) The location of the strata is the thickness of the aquifer. The concept of key layer extends the connotation of coal mining theory. The aquifer spatial structure is divided into water level fluctuation zone and water level sudden drop zone. (2) the aquifer structure in the water level fluctuation zone basically follows the original rock structure, and the water level fluctuates with coal mining without leakage of water resources. As a whole, the influence range of coal mining is 5-15 times larger than that of non-affected area, the influence range of coal mining is the largest near the coal wall, and it is a little small in the middle of goaf. (3) the crack development in the water level sudden drop zone is zonal characteristic. There are obvious differences in the number, angle and area of fractures in different regions. According to the characteristics of fracture development and combined with water injection test, the permeable characteristics of sudden drop zone of water level can be divided into three areas: collapsing water storage area, fissure permeation area, fissure strong runoff area and separated pipe flow area. The mathematical expressions of the limit of water storage and the real time quantity of water storage in the sudden drop zone of water level are put forward theoretically. (4) based on the hydrogeological conditions and the water resources condition in the concentrated mining area of Changzhi Basin, According to the variation of local aquifer structure and the distribution of water resources caused by coal mining, the degree of water resources influence in the study area is divided into three areas: serious impact area of water resources, middle impact area of water resource, general impact area of water resource and unaffected area of water resource.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P641.4

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