基于jittered采样的浅层三维地震数据处理及应用

发布时间：2018-09-18 15:01

【摘要】：目前,浅层三维地震勘探在国内外尚处于起步阶段,其勘探深度在100 m以内,勘探目标速度低,地震资料主频较高,根据采样定理,允许的最大道间距较中深层地震勘探要小得多,因此浅层三维地震勘探的观测系统设计和数据处理方法还有许多亟待解决的问题,本文将信号处理领域的压缩感知理论应用到浅层三维地震的观测系统设计和数据处理方法中,研究具有重要的实际意义.理论研究表明:随机采样数据比有规律的欠采样数据能更好的进行波场重建,随机欠采样数据可以将相干混叠转化为不相干噪声,从而将地震数据解释问题转变成了数据去噪问题,同时采用jittered随机采样方式可以避免完全随机采样的数据存在的数据点空间位置过于集中或过于稀疏的情况.本文采用模型分析和实际数据研究的方法,结果显示:在野外进行浅层三维地震数据采集时,如采用jittered随机欠采样方式进行检波器的布置,可以实现以较少的检波器布置较大范围的观测系统,从而大大提高了野外数据采集工作的效率,同时,这种随机的布线可以较灵活地适应野外的工作环境,在采用规则布线时,尽量希望测区足够平坦、开阔,无大尺度障碍物,而随机的布线可以适应有障碍物的地形地貌,在遇到障碍物或不能跨越的地形时,可适当增大道间距,在开阔位置减小道间距进行数据补偿.得到的结论是:这种浅层三维地震道间距无法满足奈奎斯特采样条件的情况,通过检波点的随机分布所采集的地震数据可以有效降低地震资料的混叠效应.
[Abstract]:At present, shallow 3-D seismic exploration is still in its infancy at home and abroad, its exploration depth is less than 100m, the velocity of exploration target is low, the main frequency of seismic data is high, according to sampling theorem, The allowable maximum trace spacing is much smaller than that of deep seismic exploration, so there are still many problems to be solved urgently in the design of observation system and data processing method for shallow 3-D seismic exploration. In this paper, the compression-sensing theory in the field of signal processing is applied to the design of shallow 3-D seismic observation system and the method of data processing. It is of great practical significance to study the theory of compression perception in the field of signal processing. The theoretical study shows that the random sampling data can reconstruct the wave field better than the regular under-sampled data, and the random under-sampling data can transform coherent aliasing into incoherent noise. Therefore, the problem of seismic data interpretation is transformed into the problem of data denoising. At the same time, using jittered random sampling method can avoid the situation that the data points are too concentrated or sparse in the data with completely random sampling. The method of model analysis and actual data research is used in this paper. The results show that when collecting shallow 3D seismic data in the field, such as using jittered random under-sampling method to arrange geophone, A large range of observation system can be arranged with fewer geophone, thus greatly improving the efficiency of field data collection. At the same time, this random wiring can be more flexible to adapt to the field working environment, when adopting regular wiring, As far as possible, it is hoped that the survey area will be flat enough, open enough, without large scale obstacles, and that random wiring can adapt to the topography with obstacles, and when encountered obstacles or cannot cross the terrain, the distance between tracks can be increased appropriately. In the open position to reduce the space between the data compensation. The conclusion is that this shallow 3D seismic trace spacing can not satisfy the Nyquist sampling condition and the seismic data collected by random distribution of the detection points can effectively reduce the aliasing effect of seismic data.
【作者单位】：长江勘测规划设计研究院长江地球物理探测(武汉)有限公司;
【基金】：水利部“948”课题(201409) 中国地质大学(武汉)地球内部多尺度成像湖北省重点实验室2016年度开放基金(SMIL-2016-04) 2016年湖北省博士后创新岗位“水库大坝渗漏精细探测方法技术研究”联合资助
【分类号】：P631.44

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