低阶煤显微煤岩组分的粉碎解离特性及浮选试验研究

发布时间：2018-10-16 20:36

【摘要】：陕煤集团红柳林矿的低阶煤是我国研究煤制油技术的主要煤种之一,其主要特点是低灰、低硫、低磷、反应性好等。煤中的显微组分对煤制油的油出率以及转化率影响尤为重要。其中,壳质组和镜质组是煤制油的活性组分,而惰质组是煤制油的惰性组分。活性组分的提高,能有效率的提高煤制油的油出率和转化率以及降低能耗。本课题从煤岩学角度出发,通过有效的破碎和磨矿,使煤岩显微组分充分解离,最后利用浮选的方法对其进行试验研究。本文首先采用手选、筛选、离心的方法获得纯度较高的镜煤和丝炭,然后再分别对低阶原煤、镜煤、丝炭的组成结构、煤岩特性进行研究。借助煤岩显微组分分析、X-射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析等现代分析测试手段分析发现:原煤、镜煤、丝炭在显微组分含量方面具有较大的区别,性质也存在一定的差异,特别是镜煤和丝炭之间可浮性的差异。为使原煤中的煤岩显微组分能够解离,采用行星球磨机进行研磨,并找到了适合此原煤的最佳磨矿条件是:转速200 r/min,磨矿时间为10 min,球煤质量比为15:1。在磨矿时间10 min时,无论是从煤岩显微组分的解离情况,还是从疏水性方面考虑,都比其他磨矿产品好,且磨矿后符合煤岩显微组分分离的要求。通过单因素条件试验逐步探索出适合最佳磨矿产品的浮选最优条件:矿浆浓度为60 g/L,浮选机转速为1800 r/min,充气量为0.20 m3/h,捕收剂用量(柴油)为0.30 g/L,起泡剂用量为0.10 g/L,表面活性剂用量为0.18 g/L,最后再进行正交试验,寻找出最优浮选方案。同时对表面活性剂的效果进行对比,发现加入表面活性剂比没有加入表面活性剂镜质组含量和惰质组含量分别提高7.52%和6.23%,说明加入表面活性剂效果好。对低阶煤的分选工艺进行深入研究,结果表明:通过浮沉—浮选联合流程镜质组和惰质组的含量分别比原煤提高24.85%和23.47%;通过粗选一精选联合浮选流程镜质组和惰质组的含量分别比原煤提高23.81%和23.71%。这两种分选流程都使煤岩显微组分得到了一定的富集,效果较明显。
[Abstract]:The low rank coal of Hongliulin Mine of Shaan Coal Group is one of the main coal types in China to study the technology of oil production from coal. Its main characteristics are low ash, low sulfur, low phosphorus and good reactivity. The effect of coal macerals on the oil yield and conversion rate is particularly important. Shell and vitrinite are the active components of coal oil, while inertinite is the inert component of coal oil. The increase of active component can effectively increase the oil yield and conversion rate of coal to oil and reduce energy consumption. From the point of view of coal petrology, through effective crushing and grinding, the macerals of coal and rock can be fully dissociated. Finally, the flotation method is used to study the separation of coal and rock macerals. In this paper, the high purity vitrinite and silk charcoal were obtained by hand selection, screening and centrifugation, and then the composition structure and coal rock characteristics of low rank raw coal, mirror coal and silk charcoal were studied respectively. By means of modern analysis and testing methods, such as coal and rock macerals analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope analysis and so on, it is found that raw coal, mirror coal and silk charcoal have great differences in maceral content, and some differences also exist in their properties. In particular, there is a difference in floatability between vitrinite and silk charcoal. In order to dissociate the macerals of coal and rock in raw coal, a planetary ball mill was used to grind the raw coal. The optimum grinding conditions for the raw coal were found as follows: rotation speed 200rmin, grinding time 10 min, ball coal mass ratio 15: 1. When the grinding time is 10 min, both the dissociation and hydrophobicity of coal and rock macerals are better than those of other grinding products, and the separation requirements of coal and rock macerals are met after grinding. The optimal flotation conditions for the best grinding products were gradually found through single-factor tests: pulp concentration of 60 g / L, speed of flotation machine at 1800 r / min, aeration rate of 0.20 m3 / h, collector dosage of 0.30 g / L, and foaming agent dosage of 0.10 g / L, respectively. G / L, the amount of surfactant is 0.18 g / L, and then we do the orthogonal test. To find out the best flotation scheme. The results show that the content of vitrinite and the content of inertinite are increased by 7.52% and 6.23%, respectively, which indicates that the effect of adding surfactant is good. The separation technology of low rank coal is studied. The results show that the contents of vitrinite and inertinite in floatation-flotation process are 24.85% and 23.47% higher than those in raw coal, and 23.81% and 23.71% higher than that of raw coal in vitrinite group and inertinite group respectively. These two separation processes have enriched the macerals of coal and rock to a certain extent, and the effect is obvious.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD94

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