陕南秦岭山区矿山环境损害评价

发布时间：2018-10-21 14:40

【摘要】：针对陕南秦岭山区的矿山环境损害,选取4个市86个不同矿种矿山,在实地调查与取样的基础上,对矿区主要的环境问题进行了识别和分析。通过实验室样品检测和研究区相关数据收集与整理分析,水体及土壤污染较为突出,选取影响比较大的因素如各类地质灾害、水土流失、植被破坏、土地占用等作为评价指标。对选中的指标构造层次结构模型,采用层次分析法进行权重计算,并对不易定量的指标按照事先制定好的标准进行定性赋分,量化指标数据。分别建立模糊综合评价模型和物元可拓模型,将秦岭山区矿区环境损害划分为轻度损害、中度损害、重度损害三个等级,计算各指标对模型的隶属度,通过权重系数与隶属度的模糊运算确定评价等级,将两种方法的结果进行对比分析,得出最终结论。论文主要结论如下:(1)矿区关键的环境损害问题是环境污染、生态破坏与地质灾害。环境污染主要是矿区水体和土壤重金属污染较严重;生态方面,开采破坏植被和含水层,加剧了水土流失;地灾方面则以崩塌和滑坡为代表;(2)在矿区环境损害评价中,植被破坏对陕南矿区环境损害的贡献值最大,达到了 0.24,其次分别为泥石流、水土流失、水资源破坏、地面塌陷、水体重金属污染、土地占用与破坏、滑坡和土壤重金属污染,崩塌(0.02)对环境损害的影响最小:(3)模糊综合评价法与物元可拓评价法的评价结果一致,为中度损害,相互印证了彼此的结论。
[Abstract]:In view of the mine environmental damage in Qinling Mountain area of South Shaanxi Province, 86 different mines in 4 cities were selected, and the main environmental problems in the mining area were identified and analyzed on the basis of field investigation and sampling. Through the collection and analysis of laboratory samples and related data in the research area, the pollution of water and soil is more prominent, and the factors that have a great influence on it, such as various geological hazards, soil erosion, vegetation destruction, land occupation and so on, are selected as evaluation indexes. To construct the hierarchical structure model of the selected index, the weight is calculated by AHP, and the index which is not easy to be quantified is qualitatively graded according to the pre-established standard, and the index data is quantified. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and matter-element extension model are established respectively. The environmental damage in Qinling mountain area is divided into three grades: mild damage, moderate damage and severe damage. The membership degree of each index to the model is calculated. The evaluation grade is determined by fuzzy operation of weight coefficient and membership degree. The results of the two methods are compared and analyzed, and the final conclusion is drawn. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the key problems of environmental damage in mining area are environmental pollution, ecological damage and geological hazard. Environmental pollution is mainly caused by heavy metal pollution in water and soil of mining area; ecologically, mining destroys vegetation and aquifer, which intensifies soil and water loss; disaster is represented by collapse and landslide; (2) in environmental damage assessment of mining area, The contribution of vegetation damage to environmental damage in the mining area of southern Shaanxi is the largest, reaching 0.24, followed by debris flow, soil erosion, water resources destruction, ground collapse, water body heavy metal pollution, land occupation and destruction, landslide and soil heavy metal pollution. The impact of collapse (0.02) on environmental damage is the least. (3) the evaluation results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and matter-element extension evaluation method are consistent, which are moderate damage, and mutually confirm the conclusion of each other.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD167

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