掘进机截割部减速器减振降噪分析及改进设计

发布时间：2018-10-22 17:30

【摘要】：本文是以EBZ132型掘进机截割部减速器为研究对象。该减速器是一种具有二级行星齿轮系的减速装置,其具有结构紧凑、外形尺寸小、传动比大、可靠性好等优点。由于该掘进机主要用于煤炭、隧道等掘进工作,其工作环境复杂、恶劣,以及减速器行星齿轮系自身的啮合冲击等原因,该减速器装置在工作时会产生很大的振动并辐射出较大噪声。减速器产生的振动会影响其工作的稳定性和安全性,甚至导致减速器的零部件损坏。因此,对该减速器进行减振降噪的研究是十分必要的。在研究的过程中,首先分析了该减速器产生振动噪声的机理,发现了减速器的振动与噪声主要是由齿轮的动态啮合力引起的,而动态啮合力主要受齿轮的刚度激励、误差激励和齿轮啮合激励等影响。减速器内部齿轮啮合产生的振动与噪声主要通过固体声传递到减速器箱体,并引起减速器箱体的受迫振动而将噪声辐射出来。其次,为了对该减速器进行减振降噪的分析,首先对减速器行星齿轮系的齿轮轮齿误差进行了分析,得出了对减速器振动和噪声有较大影响的齿形误差是按正态分布规律变化的随机变量。然后应用了MATLAB软件编程生成了含齿形误差的减速器各齿轮齿廓渐开线曲线,从而建立了实际情况下的误差齿轮模型。接着应用了相关软件对该减速器进行了动力学分析。其中,在ADAMS软件中对减速器行星齿轮系进行了动力学分析,获取了误差齿轮的动态啮合力曲线。在Workbench软件中对减速器箱体进行了模态分析和振动响应分析,获取了箱体的固有振动特性和振动位移响应幅频特性曲线。最后,应用了声学仿真软件LMS Virtual.Lab的声学边界元模块对该减速器进行噪声仿真分析,获取了减速器表面辐射噪声的大小以及箱体声学板块贡献量。并根据减速器箱体振动响应分析和声学板块贡献量分析的结果,在该减速器箱体局部振动和噪声较大的位置分别添加了平行型加强筋、交错型加强筋以及不同厚度的阻尼层,并对比分析这些不同的改进方案对减速器振动噪声的控制效果。通过对比改进前后减速器噪声仿真分析的结果,得出了对减速器箱体添加交错型加强筋与添加4mm的阻尼层,是该减速器振动与噪声的两种改进方案中最合理的改进方法。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the EBZ132 type roadheader cutting part reducer as the research object. The reducer is a reducer with secondary planetary gear system. It has the advantages of compact structure, small shape size, large transmission ratio and good reliability. Because the roadheader is mainly used in coal, tunnel and other tunneling work, its working environment is complex, bad, and the meshing impact of the planetary gear system of the reducer, etc. The reducer will produce a lot of vibration and noise when it works. The vibration of the reducer will affect the stability and safety of the reducer, and even cause damage to the parts of the reducer. Therefore, it is necessary to study the vibration and noise reduction of the reducer. In the course of the research, the mechanism of vibration and noise of the reducer is analyzed. It is found that the vibration and noise of the reducer are mainly caused by the dynamic meshing force of the gear, and the dynamic meshing force is mainly excited by the stiffness of the gear. Error excitation and gear meshing excitation and so on. The vibration and noise generated by gear meshing in the reducer are mainly transmitted to the reducer box by solid sound, and the noise is radiated out by the forced vibration of the reducer box. Secondly, in order to analyze the vibration and noise reduction of the reducer, the gear tooth error of the planetary gear system of the reducer is analyzed. It is concluded that the tooth shape error, which has great influence on the vibration and noise of the reducer, is a random variable varying according to the normal distribution law. Then, the involute curve of gear profile of reducer with tooth shape error is generated by using MATLAB software, and the error gear model is established in practice. Then the dynamic analysis of the reducer is carried out by using the related software. Among them, the dynamic analysis of planetary gear system of reducer is carried out in ADAMS software, and the dynamic meshing force curve of error gear is obtained. The modal analysis and vibration response analysis of the reducer box are carried out in Workbench software, and the inherent vibration characteristics and amplitude frequency characteristic curves of the vibration displacement response are obtained. Finally, the acoustic boundary element module of the acoustic simulation software LMS Virtual.Lab is used to simulate the noise of the reducer, and the size of the noise emitted from the surface of the reducer and the contribution of the acoustic plate of the box are obtained. According to the results of vibration response analysis and acoustic plate contribution analysis of the reducer box, parallel stiffeners, staggered stiffeners and damping layers of different thickness are added to the local vibration and noise position of the reducer box, respectively. The control effects of these improved schemes on the vibration and noise of reducer are compared and analyzed. By comparing the results of noise simulation of the reducer before and after the improvement, it is concluded that adding staggered stiffener and damping layer of 4mm to the reducer box is the most reasonable way to improve the vibration and noise of the reducer.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD421.5

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