岩爆的超声波监测及预测预报方法试验研究

发布时间：2018-11-01 17:29

【摘要】：针对岩爆监测研究的不足,开展了完整硬岩岩爆单轴压缩试验及全过程超声波监测,分析了完整硬岩岩爆破坏特征及超声波前兆规律,探讨了完整硬岩岩爆的预测预报。结果表明:对于完整硬岩岩爆,当加载载荷达到其峰值强度便产生噼啪声响,随之发生爆裂,通过分析碎片,发现试样靠近外部区域劈裂现象明显,越靠近试样内部其破裂面的粉化程度越严重,剪切现象越明显,是源于内部被约束程度的增加导致的强烈摩擦作用和高耗能的结果;通过对完整硬岩岩爆全过程超声波监测,发现波速由平稳不变发展到波动状态、首波波幅由微小的起伏波动发展到较大的起伏波动、衰减系数从增加转为下降均可作为岩爆发生的前兆;首波波幅由总体上减小转为明显增加也可作为岩爆发生的前兆,首波波幅由一直减小发展到微小起伏波动可作为岩爆发生的前兆;硬岩超声波频谱图可反映硬岩试样在载荷作用下其内部由变形发展到产生损伤再到破裂随即岩爆的过程。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the deficiency of the research on rock burst monitoring, the uniaxial compression test of complete hard rock burst and the whole process of ultrasonic monitoring are carried out. The failure characteristics and ultrasonic precursor law of complete hard rock burst are analyzed, and the prediction and prediction of complete hard rock burst are discussed. The results show that when the loading load reaches its peak strength, a crackling sound occurs for the intact hard rock burst. Through the analysis of the fragments, it is found that the fracture phenomenon is obvious near the external region of the specimen. The closer the specimen is, the more serious the pulverization of the fracture surface is and the more obvious the shear phenomenon is, which is the result of the strong friction and high energy consumption caused by the increase of the degree of restraint inside the specimen. Through ultrasonic monitoring of the whole process of hard rock burst, it is found that the wave velocity develops from steady to fluctuating state, and the first wave amplitude develops from small fluctuation to large fluctuation. The attenuation coefficient can be used as a precursor of rock burst from increasing to decreasing. The first wave amplitude can also be used as precursor of rock burst from decreasing to increasing obviously, and the first wave amplitude can be used as precursor of rock burst from decreasing to small fluctuation. The ultrasonic spectrum diagram of hard rock can reflect the process from deformation to damage and then to rock burst of hard rock specimen under load.
【作者单位】：山东理工大学资源与环境工程学院;
【基金】：山东理工大学青年教师发展支持计划项目;山东理工大学一级学科重点支持计划项目山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2015EL016)
【分类号】：TD315

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