基于GIS西达摩露天矿复垦应用研究

发布时间：2018-11-07 09:29

【摘要】：矿区土地复垦在社会可持续发展的进程中有着非常重要的意义。它涉及范围有地理学、采矿业、农林类、土壤学、生物学及社会经济学等,具有数据量大、信息复杂等特点。我国土地复垦技术发展较晚,数据存储和管理无法满足客户对数据的查询、更新、分析等信息建设的要求。为此,建立矿区土地复垦的信息系统势在必行,本文对已开采矿区信息系统的内涵、功能需求进行了阐述,并分析了矿区土地的数据组织形式及系统主要功能,包括：图形处理、数据录入与预处理、土地复垦辅助规划、查询统计、应用模型、三维模拟等。以北京市门头沟区清水镇西达摩矿区为研究对象,VB、VC为开发工具,建立了矿区土地复垦信息系统,用该系统分析了西达摩矿区土地的基本状况,对土地的合理规划提供依据。 (1)对土地评价系统的数据库进行设计,完成了土地信息的收集,筛选,入库,地理信息编码等工作； (2)利用人工神经网络法中训练好的B-P模型和模糊数学方法对复垦土地进行评价,确定土地的等级,将神经网络与模糊数学的评价结果进行对比,分析两种模型的误差精度在0.1%～5%之间； (3)用遗传算法进行了土地资源的优化配置,对复垦提供辅助决策依据,耕地2500亩,林地900亩,牧地600亩,工业用地200亩,风景用地200亩。年效益值达到880万元,比历年的经济效益值高出近8倍。实现了土地利用和经济效益取向最大化； (4)上世纪泥石流灾害对矿区人民生命财产安全造成巨大损失。为了对崩、滑、流地质灾害进行安全防控,对该地区最大降雨量进行数值模拟。据其结果,采用挡土墙加固松散土体、截排水沟疏散汛期排水,防治泥石流灾害效果显著； (5)应用GIS的空间分析功能,估算出挡土墙、排水沟所用土石方量。编写OpenGL接口程序将3DMax与GIS一体化表达,实现了矿区复垦三维可视化虚拟现实。
[Abstract]:Land reclamation in mining area is of great significance in the process of social sustainable development. It covers geography, mining, agriculture and forestry, soil, biology and social economics, and has the characteristics of large amount of data and complex information. Land reclamation technology in China is developing late, and data storage and management can not meet the requirements of customer information construction, such as query, update, analysis and so on. Therefore, it is imperative to establish an information system for land reclamation in mining areas. This paper expounds the connotation and functional requirements of the information system in mining areas, and analyzes the data organization forms and main functions of the system in mining areas. Including: graphics processing, data input and preprocessing, land reclamation assistance planning, query statistics, application model, three-dimensional simulation and so on. Taking the west Damo mining area of Qingshui Town, Mentougou District, Beijing as the research object and VB,VC as the development tool, the land reclamation information system of the mining area is set up, and the basic condition of the land in the west Damo mining area is analyzed with the system. To provide the basis for the rational planning of the land. (1) the database of the land evaluation system is designed, and the collection, screening, storage and coding of the land information are completed. (2) the B-P model and fuzzy mathematics method, which are trained in artificial neural network method, are used to evaluate the reclaimed land, the grade of land is determined, and the evaluation results of neural network and fuzzy mathematics are compared. The error accuracy of the two models is between 0.1% and 5%. (3) the optimal allocation of land resources is carried out by genetic algorithm, which provides auxiliary decision basis for reclamation. 2500 mu of cultivated land, 900 mu of woodland, 600 mu of pastoral land, 200 mu of industrial land and 200 mu of landscape land. The annual benefit value is 8.8 million yuan, which is nearly 8 times higher than that of previous years. Land use and economic benefits are maximized. (4) debris flow disaster in the last century has caused huge losses to the safety of people's lives and property in mining areas. In order to prevent and control geological hazards such as avalanche, slip and flow, the maximum rainfall in this area is simulated numerically. According to the results, the loose soil is strengthened by retaining wall, and the drainage in flood season is cut off, and the effect of debris flow prevention and control is remarkable. (5) using the spatial analysis function of GIS, the amount of earth and stone used in retaining wall and drainage ditch is estimated. OpenGL interface program is written to express 3DMax and GIS in an integrated way to realize 3D visual virtual reality of mining reclamation.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD88

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