溃坝泥石流拦挡坝拦挡性能的研究

发布时间：2018-11-15 09:26

【摘要】：尾矿库作为一种储存金属或者非金属矿山进行矿石选矿后排出的尾矿的场所,主要用来保护矿山周围的环境。但同时尾矿库也是一类具有巨大能量的危险源。在长达十多年甚至数十年的期间里,各种自然的(雨水、地震、鼠洞等)和人为的(管理不善、工农关系不协调等)不利因素时时刻刻或周期性地威胁着它的安全。一旦溃坝就会对下游的环境及居民的财产和生命造成巨大的威胁。本着预防为主的安全理念,在下游流通区域修筑拦挡工程变得十分必要。拦挡工程主要以拦挡坝为主,但是尾矿库溃坝泥石流拦挡坝存在无法承受溃坝的冲击而被冲毁的危险,这样会对下游带来更大的危害,所以本文参照不同类型的拦挡坝,设计出一种新型溃坝泥石流拦挡坝,以研究新型拦挡坝对溃坝泥石流的拦挡性能。本文主要完成的工作和研究成果:首先,通过对比不同泥石流拦挡坝的优缺点,提出新型溃坝泥石流拦挡坝结构,并从机理方面系统地研究中间材料和新型拦挡坝结构的消能缓冲性能。然后,系统地研究了具有吸能性能的材料-泡沫混凝土,制作并测试试件的抗压强度和抗冲击性能,得到了的泡沫混凝土的相关规律。从规律中分析符合要求的配合比制作新型拦挡坝。最后,对某尾矿库尾矿砂进行取样、土工试验等环节,利用课题组自主设计的尾矿库模型,选择一定质量浓度的尾矿砂浆体进行试验,模拟在尾矿库全溃坝的情况下,拦挡坝修筑位置和新型拦挡坝中间吸能材料的厚度对下游流通区域指定位置的溃坝泥石流拦挡效应的影响。试验得出,拦挡坝修筑位置距离库区越近以及新型拦挡坝中间吸能材料厚度的增加,能够降低下游流通区域指定位置的泥深峰值和龙头流速,为下游流通区域的人身和财产安全提供一定的保证。在此基础上提出拦挡坝的综合管理措施以保证拦挡坝能够在尾矿失事时起到缓冲效应。
[Abstract]:The tailings reservoir is used to protect the environment around the mine as a kind of tailings which are stored in metal or non-metal mines after ore dressing. But at the same time, the tailings reservoir is also a kind of dangerous source with great energy. For more than a decade or even decades, a variety of natural (Rain Water, earthquakes, rodent holes, etc.) and man-made (mismanagement, poor relations between workers and farmers, etc.) have threatened its safety all the time or periodically. Once the dam breaks, it will pose a great threat to the downstream environment and residents' property and life. Based on the safety concept of prevention, it is necessary to build the blocking project in the downstream circulation area. The blocking works are mainly dam blocking, but the debris flow dam of tailings dam break has the risk of being washed out because it can't bear the impact of dam break, which will bring more harm to the downstream, so this paper refers to different types of dam blocking. A new type of dam-break debris flow blocking dam is designed to study the blocking performance of new-type dam-break debris flow. The main work and research results of this paper are as follows: firstly, by comparing the merits and demerits of different debris flow retaining dams, a new type of dam-break debris flow retaining dam structure is proposed. The energy dissipation and buffering performance of intermediate materials and new retaining dam structures are systematically studied in terms of mechanism. Then, the foam concrete with energy absorption property is systematically studied, and the compressive strength and impact resistance of the specimen are tested and made, and the relevant laws of the foam concrete are obtained. According to the law, a new type of blocking dam is made by analyzing the matching ratio which meets the requirements. Finally, the tailings of a tailings reservoir are sampled and tested, and the tailings mortar with certain mass concentration is selected by using the tailings reservoir model designed independently by the research group, and the dam failure of the tailings reservoir is simulated. The influence of the construction position of the dam and the thickness of the new energy absorbing material in the middle of the dam on the blocking effect of the dam-break debris flow at the designated position in the downstream circulation area. The test results show that the closer the construction position of the dam is to the reservoir area and the increase of the thickness of the new type of energy absorbing material in the middle of the dam, the peak value of mud depth and the flow velocity of the faucet can be reduced in the designated position of the downstream circulation area. Provide certain guarantee for the personal and property safety of the downstream circulation area. On this basis, the comprehensive management measures of retaining dam are put forward to ensure that the blocking dam can play a buffer effect in tailings crash.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD926.4

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