基于分形理论的江西宜丰水岭矿区成矿预测

发布时间：2018-11-20 06:25

【摘要】：元素地球化学的分布规律十分复杂,不能单一的用线性关系去描述,如矿床与各种成矿控制因素之间普遍都呈非线性关系,传统理论不能全面准确地解决成矿预测学中涉及到的非线性问题。因此,为了提高成矿预测的准确性,需要将非线性科学(包括孤立波、混沌和分形等)的理论和方法应用于地球化学数据处理和矿区成矿预测。分形的本质是描述事物间的幂律关系,不同的幂律关系有着特定的分维数,根据分维数的特征来描述事物的本质。区域地层中元素含量在时间和空间上都呈函数关系,元素的地球化学背景值和异常值的形成都有各自的特征,这说明异常的形成有各自的幂律关系,即分维数具有独立性。因此,用分形方法来描述地球化学异常形成的本质是科学的。传统方法处理化探数据的前提是需要剔除不符合正态分布的极值点,但是元素的分布是多种因素下形成的,各个元素的分布有着自己特有的规律,剔除后的样点数据不能真实反应元素本身的分布规律,而含量-面积分形法不需剔除样点数据,则不会打破元素本身的分布规律。所以,含量-面积分形法可以弥补传统统计方法在化探数据处理中剔除不符合正态分布极值点的缺陷与不足。本次论文将分形理论运用于江西宜丰水岭矿区化探数据处理,为矿区找矿勘查提供准确的找矿靶区。通过对地球化学数据做了多元统计分析,探讨了W元素与其它元素之间的关系,在此基础上分别用传统方法和分形方法对地球化学数据进行处理,对求取的异常下限进行对比分析,选择合理的异常下限,运用MAPGIS和Surfer专业制图软件绘制地球化学异常图和组合异常图,并结合矿区地质特征圈定了找矿靶区。经过以上研究,得出以下结论:(1)通过对所测地球化学数据做多元统计分析可知,相关性分析表明只有Au元素与W元素呈正相关,说明Au元素与W元素有一定的相关性,Au元素的富集在一定程度上指示W元素的富集。聚类分析显示,当距离系数d=5时,只有Au、Nb,Cu形成组合,其它元素不显示相关性。目标元素W表现出独立性,单独一类。通过因子分析,明确了W和Au有着密切的关系,和相关性分析结果一致。(2)通过传统方法和分形方法对地球化学数据进行处理,结果表明研究区含量普遍偏高的元素用分形方法得出的异常下限比用传统统计方法得出的异常下限更高,研究区含量普遍偏低的元素用分形方法得出的异常下限比用传统统计方法得出的异常下限更低,原因是含量-面积分形法不用剔除数据中不服从正态分布的特高值和特低值,对高异常区能够进一步的圈定异常范围,对弱分异区域可以灵敏识别弱小异常,弥补了传统方法的缺陷与不足。(3)通过对比单元素异常图,发现北西向断裂呈现出Au、W、Pb和Zn异常的良好套合关系,这四种元素异常在该断裂附近均有良好的浓度分带现象,并且已有勘查成果也发现了该断裂局部出现钨矿化,表明以该断裂为找矿标志找钨矿潜力较大、前景较好。(4)通过制作组合异常图,根据各元素组合套合情况和已有勘查成果,初步圈定了两个重点靶区:一是矿区北西向断裂西北角即AP1区,该处Au、Cu、Pb、Zn、W、Mo六种元素浓集中心的重叠性较好,异常规模较大,因此该断裂周边是找钨矿的重点靶区;二是矿区东南角即AP2区,在该处W异常大面积产出,异常出现三级浓度分带,并且根据W元素异常形态及W的产出条件可初步推测该区域深部存在一北西向断裂,预示找钨矿前景良好,下一步建议对本文所圈定的异常区域进行工程验证,助力于下一步找矿突破。
[Abstract]:The distribution law of element geochemistry is very complicated and can not be described by a single linear relation, such as the non-linear relation between the deposit and various ore-forming control factors, and the traditional theory can not comprehensively and accurately solve the non-linear problems involved in the metallogenetic engineering. Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of ore-forming prediction, it is necessary to apply the theory and method of non-linear science (including isolated wave, mixed wave, fractal, etc.) to the geochemical data processing and the ore-forming prediction of the mining area. The essence of fractal is to describe the power-law relation between things, and the relation of different power-law has a specific fractal dimension, and the essence of things is described according to the characteristics of the fractal dimension. The element content in the regional strata is a function relation in time and space, and the geochemical background value and the abnormal value of the element have their respective characteristics. This indicates that the formation of the anomaly has the power-law relation, that is, the fractal dimension is independent. Therefore, a fractal method is used to describe the nature of geochemical anomaly formation. the premise of the traditional method to process the geochemical data is to eliminate the extreme points which do not meet the normal distribution, but the distribution of the elements is formed under a plurality of factors, the distribution of each element has a specific rule, and the sampled sample point data can not be the distribution rule of the real reaction element itself, and the content-area fractal method does not need to remove the sample point data, and the distribution rule of the element itself is not broken. Therefore, the content-area fractal method can make up for the defect and deficiency that the traditional statistical method can eliminate the extreme points that do not meet the normal distribution in the data processing of geochemical exploration. This paper applies the fractal theory to the data processing of geochemical exploration in Yifeng, Yifeng, Jiangxi, and provides an accurate prospecting target for prospecting and exploration in the mining area. Based on the multivariate statistical analysis of the geochemical data, the relationship between the W element and other elements is discussed, the geochemical data is treated by the traditional method and the fractal method, the lower limit of the anomaly is compared and analyzed, and the reasonable lower limit is selected. Using the MAPGIS and Surfer professional mapping software, the geochemical anomaly map and the combined anomaly map are drawn, and the prospecting target area is delineated by combining the geological characteristics of the mining area. Through the above research, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) The correlation analysis shows that only the Au element is positively related to the W element, indicating that the Au element has a certain correlation with the W element, The enrichment of the Au element indicates the enrichment of the W element to a certain extent. The cluster analysis shows that when the distance coefficient d = 5, only Au, Nb, and Cu form a combination, and the other elements do not show the correlation. the target element w exhibits independence, a single class. The relationship between W and Au is determined by factor analysis, and the results of correlation analysis are consistent. (2) The geochemical data is treated by the traditional method and the fractal method, and the result shows that the lower limit of the anomaly obtained by the fractal method is higher than that of the abnormal lower limit obtained by the traditional statistical method. The lower limit of the anomaly obtained by the fractal method is lower than the lower limit of the anomaly obtained by the traditional statistical method, because the content-area fractal method does not follow the special high and low values of the normal distribution in the data, The invention can further delineate the abnormal range for the high-anomaly area, and can be used for sensitively identifying the weak point and the abnormal area, and the defect and the defect of the traditional method are made up. (3) Through the comparison of the anomaly map of the single element, it is found that the fault of the north west shows a good fitting relation of Au, W, Pb and Zn, the four elements are abnormal in the vicinity of the fracture, and there is a good concentration distribution phenomenon. It is indicated that the potential of the tungsten ore is large and the prospect is good. (4) By making the combined anomaly map, two key target areas are preliminarily delineated based on the combination condition of each element and the existing survey results: one is the north west of the mining area to the northwest corner of the fracture, that is, the AP1 area, where the overlap of the concentrated centers of the six elements of Au, Cu, Pb, Zn, W and Mo is good, the abnormal scale is large, so the fracture periphery is the key target area for finding the tungsten ore; 2 is the south-east corner of the mining area, namely the AP2 area, where W is abnormally large-area output, and the three-level concentration sub-belt is abnormal; and according to the abnormal form of W element and the output condition of W, it can be preliminarily estimated that there is a north-west fault in the deep part of the region, which indicates that the future of the tungsten ore is good, and the next step is to carry out the engineering verification on the abnormal region delineated in this paper to assist in the next prospecting breakthrough.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P612

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