基于能量的露天矿边坡灾变时空演化与多模型综合评价
发布时间：2018-11-21 09:45
【摘要】：露天矿边坡失稳是一个复杂的非线性变化过程,在运营及开挖过程中,安全稳定问题至关重要,关系到人民生命财产安全和环境保护评价。从多方面多角度深入开展岩土工程稳定性研究与风险评价,具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。本文以江西省九江市城门山露天矿开挖边坡为工程背景,针对现有边坡稳定性研究方法,运用现场实测、理论分析、试验研究、数值模拟与监测调研的综合手段,基于地球物理勘探、能量原理、有限元强度折减法、突变理论、熵理论等,对边坡工程的破坏模式、力学机制、能量规律、动态稳定等问题开展深入的研究,建立有效的多模型综合稳定评价方法,揭示其变形破坏的演化特征和失稳机理。主要进行了以下方面的研究:(1)在深刻认识地质环境与EH-4地质环境勘探基础上,通过有限元与有限差分程序,建立了含断层带、多地层的复杂三维地质模型,采用多区域的特征测点、单元的布控、追踪,进行位移、速度、塑性屈服的时间与空间演化特征分析,动态演示预测了矿区边坡易失稳风险区段的灾变过程,并结合位移矢量角指标,共同阐释了边坡系统平衡稳定与临滑失稳的变化特征。(2)基于能量原理推导边坡系统各类能量判据,进行有限差分用户子程序的二次开发,Fish语言编制能量程序源代码,充分利用计算机的可视化功能,详细展现了重力势能、弹性应变能、动能,以及耗散能的时空演化特征及其之间的转化规律。从能量的角度,分析了边坡"无序"、"有序"的"自组织"演化特征与复杂的内在变化反应,以及具有"耗散结构"的能量耗散与转化的效率、特点趋势。并提出局部能量释放率指标,直接反映了不同特征区域的能量吸收、释放、转移等复杂的动态能量变化规律。(3)基于突变理论,推导了位移与能量的尖点突变模型,建立起位移、能量的突变判据与判别实现流程,进行边坡系统的稳态与能量突变分析,并与常规失稳判据对比,具有较好的统一性与一致性。(4)依据开挖方案,分析了三期边坡工程开挖全过程的卸荷变形与应力释放特点,塑性区与稳定性的动态特征、变化趋势,以及各类能量场的时、空动态,并结合能量释放率指标与岩石破裂过程,阐释了能量间的内在转化规律与耗散作用机制。模拟预测了开挖灾变的风险垮塌区,并结合已有的智能监控调度系统,有利于全方位地进行三期开挖的安全监测、监控调度与维稳避险指导。(5)基于熵理论,提出了几种新的边坡稳态评价方法:模糊相对隶属模型、熵权-模糊集对分析、态势迁跃与联系熵法、滑坡总熵判别法,并与基于能量演化突变的有限差分数值模型进行综合对比、相互验证,具有较好的一致性,逻辑性强,信息利用率高,结果直观准确,为边坡稳定性评价提供了多种新途径。
[Abstract]:Slope instability in open-pit mines is a complicated nonlinear process. In operation and excavation, safety and stability is of great importance, which is related to the safety of people's life and property and the evaluation of environmental protection. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to carry out the stability research and risk assessment of geotechnical engineering from many aspects and many angles. This paper takes the excavation slope of Chengmenshan opencast mine in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province as the engineering background. Aiming at the existing slope stability research methods, the comprehensive means of field measurement, theoretical analysis, experimental study, numerical simulation and monitoring investigation are used. Based on geophysical exploration, energy principle, finite element strength reduction method, catastrophe theory, entropy theory and so on, the failure mode, mechanics mechanism, energy law and dynamic stability of slope engineering are studied deeply. An effective multi-model comprehensive stability evaluation method is established to reveal the evolution characteristics and instability mechanism of the deformation and failure. The main works are as follows: (1) on the basis of deep understanding of geological environment and EH-4 geological environment exploration, a complex three-dimensional geological model containing fault zone and multi-strata is established by finite element and finite difference program. The time and space evolution characteristics of displacement, velocity and plastic yield are analyzed by means of multi-area characteristic measurement points, unit control, tracking, displacement, and plastic yield. The dynamic demonstration and prediction of the catastrophic process in the unstable risk section of the mining slope are presented. Combined with displacement vector angle index, the variation characteristics of equilibrium stability and impending sliding instability of slope system are explained. (2) based on the energy principle, all kinds of energy criteria of slope system are derived, and the secondary development of finite difference user subroutine is carried out. The source code of the energy program is compiled by Fish language, which makes full use of the visualization function of the computer to show in detail the characteristics of the space-time evolution of gravitational potential energy, elastic strain energy, kinetic energy and dissipative energy, as well as the law of transformation between them. From the point of view of energy, this paper analyzes the characteristics and trends of "disordered", "self-organizing" evolution of slope and complex internal change reaction, as well as the efficiency of energy dissipation and transformation with "dissipative structure". The index of local energy release rate is put forward, which directly reflects the complex dynamic energy changes of different characteristic regions, such as energy absorption, release and transfer. (3) based on the catastrophe theory, the cusp catastrophe model of displacement and energy is derived. The catastrophe criterion of displacement and energy is established and its realization flow is established, and the steady state and energy abrupt change analysis of slope system is carried out, and compared with the conventional instability criterion, it has good unity and consistency. (4) according to the excavation scheme, The characteristics of unloading deformation and stress release, the dynamic characteristics of plastic zone and stability, the variation trend, and the time-space dynamics of various energy fields are analyzed, and the energy release rate index is combined with the rock fracture process. The inner law of energy transformation and the mechanism of dissipation are explained. The risk collapse area of excavation disaster is predicted by simulation and combined with the existing intelligent monitoring and dispatching system, which is conducive to the safety monitoring, monitoring and maintenance of the third phase excavation. (5) based on entropy theory, Several new steady state evaluation methods of slope are put forward: fuzzy relative membership model, entropy weight-fuzzy set pair analysis, situation transition and relation entropy method, landslide total entropy discriminating method. Compared with the finite difference numerical model based on the energy evolution catastrophe, it has good consistency, strong logic, high information utilization rate, and the results are intuitionistic and accurate, which provides a variety of new ways for slope stability evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD804
[Abstract]:Slope instability in open-pit mines is a complicated nonlinear process. In operation and excavation, safety and stability is of great importance, which is related to the safety of people's life and property and the evaluation of environmental protection. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to carry out the stability research and risk assessment of geotechnical engineering from many aspects and many angles. This paper takes the excavation slope of Chengmenshan opencast mine in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province as the engineering background. Aiming at the existing slope stability research methods, the comprehensive means of field measurement, theoretical analysis, experimental study, numerical simulation and monitoring investigation are used. Based on geophysical exploration, energy principle, finite element strength reduction method, catastrophe theory, entropy theory and so on, the failure mode, mechanics mechanism, energy law and dynamic stability of slope engineering are studied deeply. An effective multi-model comprehensive stability evaluation method is established to reveal the evolution characteristics and instability mechanism of the deformation and failure. The main works are as follows: (1) on the basis of deep understanding of geological environment and EH-4 geological environment exploration, a complex three-dimensional geological model containing fault zone and multi-strata is established by finite element and finite difference program. The time and space evolution characteristics of displacement, velocity and plastic yield are analyzed by means of multi-area characteristic measurement points, unit control, tracking, displacement, and plastic yield. The dynamic demonstration and prediction of the catastrophic process in the unstable risk section of the mining slope are presented. Combined with displacement vector angle index, the variation characteristics of equilibrium stability and impending sliding instability of slope system are explained. (2) based on the energy principle, all kinds of energy criteria of slope system are derived, and the secondary development of finite difference user subroutine is carried out. The source code of the energy program is compiled by Fish language, which makes full use of the visualization function of the computer to show in detail the characteristics of the space-time evolution of gravitational potential energy, elastic strain energy, kinetic energy and dissipative energy, as well as the law of transformation between them. From the point of view of energy, this paper analyzes the characteristics and trends of "disordered", "self-organizing" evolution of slope and complex internal change reaction, as well as the efficiency of energy dissipation and transformation with "dissipative structure". The index of local energy release rate is put forward, which directly reflects the complex dynamic energy changes of different characteristic regions, such as energy absorption, release and transfer. (3) based on the catastrophe theory, the cusp catastrophe model of displacement and energy is derived. The catastrophe criterion of displacement and energy is established and its realization flow is established, and the steady state and energy abrupt change analysis of slope system is carried out, and compared with the conventional instability criterion, it has good unity and consistency. (4) according to the excavation scheme, The characteristics of unloading deformation and stress release, the dynamic characteristics of plastic zone and stability, the variation trend, and the time-space dynamics of various energy fields are analyzed, and the energy release rate index is combined with the rock fracture process. The inner law of energy transformation and the mechanism of dissipation are explained. The risk collapse area of excavation disaster is predicted by simulation and combined with the existing intelligent monitoring and dispatching system, which is conducive to the safety monitoring, monitoring and maintenance of the third phase excavation. (5) based on entropy theory, Several new steady state evaluation methods of slope are put forward: fuzzy relative membership model, entropy weight-fuzzy set pair analysis, situation transition and relation entropy method, landslide total entropy discriminating method. Compared with the finite difference numerical model based on the energy evolution catastrophe, it has good consistency, strong logic, high information utilization rate, and the results are intuitionistic and accurate, which provides a variety of new ways for slope stability evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD804
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相关期刊论文 前10条
1 赵志刚;高成章;贾志闯;宋璐璐;;岩石破碎过程中能量演化的模拟分析[J];矿业研究与开发;2016年11期
2 王云飞;郑晓娟;焦华U，
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