磨矿分级智能控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-11-21 16:29

【摘要】：在选矿作业中,磨矿分级作业过程机理复杂,影响因素多,矿石性质变化频繁,人工操作难以获得最优效果。磨矿作业控制的目标是：在确保磨矿产品合格的前提下,最大限度地提高球磨机的处理量和减轻工人劳动强度,以稳定后续选别指标、降低单耗和提高劳动生产率。磨矿作业控制的技术关键是磨机负荷量的检测与控制,现有的检测手段并不能精确地获得磨机负荷量的相关数据,难以充分发挥磨矿作业的效率。在实际生产过程中,工人往往通过操作经验来获得较好的生产效果,将丰富的人工经验与先进的控制技术结合起来,研究开发先进的磨矿分级智能化控制系统,对于提高磨矿分级作业的自动化、信息化管理水平和提高运行效率具有重要的作用。国内磨矿分级自动控制水平与世界先进水平有一定差距,国内磨矿分级的控制作业基本都是单回路控制,而世界领先自动化系统已对全厂进行综合控制和管理。磨矿分级控制未来的发展将是智能控制。本论文首先对现有的磨机负荷量检测方法进行了分析和对比,总结了现有的湿式磨矿分级过程控制的技术和方法。对球磨机运行特性作了深入研究,提出影响磨矿效率的可控主要因素是给矿量、给水量、介质充填率、料球比。以云南绿春鑫泰矿业有限公司选矿厂磨矿分级作业为研究对象,通过检测球磨机噪音来判断磨机负荷的状态,再利用球磨机电机电流值判断磨机负荷量的区间值,同时利用螺旋分级机电流来预测控制磨机负荷量的变化。利用最小二乘法建立电流值和磨机负荷量的数学模型,以精确判断球磨机的运行状态。控制系统根据控制回路的复杂程度采用不同的控制算法,简单的控制回路(如给矿、给水)采用PID控制,复杂的控制回路采用智能控制。通过数学模型计算给矿水流量和通过调节给矿补加水的量来控制磨矿浓度；通过PID串级控制方法来控制分级溢流浓度和细度。对复杂的磨矿分级过程进行分步控制,将全流程分解成单独的给矿回路、给水回路、负荷量控制回路,这些磨矿分级控制回路的给定值则由模糊控制器根据球磨机的运行状态合理给出。本文从先进性、实用性、经济性出发,设计了分散控制集中管理的集散控制系统,下位机负责控制,上位机负责管理。为了实现高性价比,控制系统关键设备采用著名品牌的进口产品,其它采用国产精品,设计了可靠性高、稳定性好、适应性强的集散控制系统。下位机采用西门子S7-300PLC,上位机采用工业计算机,组态软件采用Kingview6.55。控制系统具有优越的控制功能和监控功能,监控界面丰富、显示直观、操作方便,并通过web发布进行远程监控。实现了磨矿分级生产过程的智能化控制,提高了磨矿分级的信息化管理水平。
[Abstract]:In the process of ore dressing, the mechanism of grinding and grading operation is complex, the influence factors are many, the properties of ore change frequently, and it is difficult to obtain the optimal effect by manual operation. The aim of grinding operation control is to increase the handling capacity of ball mill and reduce the labor intensity of workers on the premise of ensuring the qualification of grinding products, so as to stabilize the separation index, reduce unit consumption and increase labor productivity. The key technology of grinding operation control is the detection and control of mill load. The existing testing methods can not obtain the relevant data of mill load accurately, and it is difficult to give full play to the efficiency of grinding operation. In the actual production process, the workers often obtain better production effect through the operation experience, combine the abundant manual experience with the advanced control technology, study and develop the advanced grinding classification intelligent control system, It plays an important role in improving the automation of grinding classification, the level of information management and the efficiency of operation. There is a certain gap between the domestic automatic control level of grinding classification and the advanced level of the world. The control operation of domestic grinding classification is basically single loop control, while the world leading automation system has carried out comprehensive control and management of the whole plant. The future development of grinding classification control will be intelligent control. In this paper, the existing load measurement methods of grinding mill are analyzed and compared, and the existing technology and method of wet grinding classification process control are summarized. The operation characteristics of ball mill are studied in depth. It is suggested that the main controllable factors affecting grinding efficiency are ore feed quantity, water supply, medium filling rate and material / ball ratio. Taking grinding classification operation of Yunnan Luchun Xintai Mining Co., Ltd. As the research object, the state of mill load is judged by detecting the noise of ball mill, and the interval value of mill load is judged by the electric current value of ball mill. At the same time, the current of spiral classifier is used to predict the change of control mill load. The mathematical models of current value and mill load are established by using the least square method to accurately judge the running state of ball mill. According to the complexity of the control loop, the control system adopts different control algorithms. The simple control loop (such as mine feed, feed water) is controlled by PID, and the complex control loop adopts intelligent control. The grinding concentration is controlled by calculating the flow rate of ore water by mathematical model and by adjusting the amount of water added to the ore, and the concentration and fineness of the graded overflow are controlled by PID cascade control method. The complex grinding and grading process is controlled step by step, and the whole process is decomposed into a separate feed circuit, a feed water loop, a load control loop, The given values of these grinding-grading control circuits are given by fuzzy controller according to the operation state of ball mill. Based on the advanced nature, practicability and economy, this paper designs a distributed control system for centralized management of decentralized control, in which the lower computer is responsible for the control and the upper computer is responsible for the management. In order to achieve high performance-price ratio, the key equipment of the control system adopts famous imported products, and the others adopt domestic fine products. The distributed control system with high reliability, good stability and strong adaptability is designed. Siemens S7-300 PLC is used for lower computer, industrial computer is used for upper computer and Kingview6.55. is used for configuration software. The control system has superior control function and monitoring function, the monitoring interface is rich, the display is intuitive, the operation is convenient, and remote monitoring is carried out through web release. The intelligent control of grinding classification production process is realized, and the information management level of grinding classification is improved.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD921.4;TD67

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