氧化锌矿浮选体系金属离子对矿物浮选行为影响

发布时间：2018-11-21 16:55

【摘要】：氧化锌矿中含有大量的可溶性盐和粘土矿物,可溶性盐和粘土矿物的溶解和回水中残留的药剂离子,形成了复杂的浮选矿浆溶液环境,严重影响矿物的浮选。以金属离子对矿物表面性质的影响研究为切入点,本论文系统研究了金属离子对氧化锌浮选体系矿物浮选行为的影响。基于菱锌矿、方解石和石英的矿物浮选试验,研究了不同的溶液环境(溶液pH和离子种类及浓度)对矿物浮选行为的影响。结合金属离子吸附量测量、矿物表面XPS测定、药剂吸附量测量、动电位测量等手段,研究了不同的金属离子对矿物的表面性质和矿物表面药剂吸附特性的影响。本文得出以下结论:研究了菱锌矿、方解石和石英三种矿物的溶解行为,结果表明:在溶液pH为7-13的变化范围内,菱锌矿和方解石溶解离子量均随pH值的增加,呈现下降趋势,但菱锌矿的溶解离子量较方解石溶解离子量多;石英几乎不溶解。XPS测试结果表明,在菱锌矿、方解石和石英矿物表面均检测到了Zn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和Fe~(3+),说明金属离子在矿物表面发生了化学吸附。研究了Zn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和Fe~(3+)在菱锌矿、方解石和石英的表面吸附行为,结果表明:Fe~(3+)、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)在菱锌矿表面的吸附能力依次减弱;Fe~(3+)、Zn~(2+)和Mg~(2+)在方解石表面的吸附能力依次减弱;Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)在石英表面吸附能力依次减弱。Zeta电位的测试结果表明:Ca~(2+)对菱锌矿、方解石和石英三种矿物表面电位变化影响很小,Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Mg~(2+)一定条件下可改变矿物表面的零点电。研究了金属离子对矿物浮选行为的影响,对于氧化锌矿浮选体系,Zn~(2+)浓度的增大有助于菱锌矿的浮选,Fe~(3+)、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)在低浓度下促进菱锌矿的浮选,当Fe~(3+)浓度大于0.05mmol/L、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)浓度大于0.1mmol/L时,又对菱锌矿的浮选产生了明显的抑制作用;对于脉石矿物而言,Fe~(3+)、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)和Zn~(2+)在较低浓度下对方解石和石英的浮选有促进作用,当离子浓度大于0.1mmol/L时,方解石和石英的上浮会受到明显抑制。测试了捕收剂十二胺在矿物表面的吸附量,结果表明:金属离子对矿物浮选的活化作用在于促进了十二胺在相应矿物表面的吸附。
[Abstract]:Zinc oxide ores contain a large number of soluble salt and clay minerals, the dissolution of soluble salt and clay minerals and the residual reagent ions in backwater, forming a complex flotation slurry solution environment, which seriously affects the flotation of minerals. Based on the study of the influence of metal ions on the surface properties of minerals, the effect of metal ions on the flotation behavior of minerals in zinc oxide flotation system was systematically studied in this paper. Based on the mineral flotation tests of smithsonite, calcite and quartz, the effects of different solution environments (pH, species and concentrations of ions) on the flotation behavior of minerals were studied. The effects of different metal ions on the surface properties of minerals and their adsorption properties were studied by means of metal ion adsorption, mineral surface XPS measurement, reagent adsorption measurement and potentiodynamic measurement. In this paper, the following conclusions have been drawn: the dissolution behavior of three minerals, smithsonite, calcite and quartz, has been studied. The results show that the amount of dissolved ions of smithsonite and calcite increases with the increase of pH value in the range of pH = 7-13. The amount of dissolved ions in smithsonite is more than that in calcite. The XPS results showed that Zn~ (2), Ca~ (2), Mg~ (2) and Fe~ (3) were detected on the surface of smithsonite, calcite and quartz, indicating the chemisorption of metal ions on the mineral surface. The adsorption behavior of Zn~ (2), Ca~ (2), Mg~ (2) and Fe~ (3) on the surface of smithsonite, calcite and quartz has been studied. The results show that the adsorption capacity of Fe~ (3), Ca~ (2) and Mg~ (2) on the surface of smithsonite decreases in turn. The adsorption ability of Fe~ (3), Zn~ (2) and Mg~ (2) on calcite surface decreased in turn. The adsorption capacity of Zn~ (2), Fe~ (3), Ca~ (2) and Mg~ (2) on quartz surface decreased in turn. The results of Zeta potential test showed that Ca~ (2) had little effect on the surface potential changes of smithsonite, calcite and quartz. Under certain conditions, Zn~ (2), Fe~ (3) and Mg~ (2) can change the zero point electricity of mineral surface. The effect of metal ions on the flotation behavior of minerals was studied. For zinc oxide flotation system, the increase of Zn~ (2) concentration is helpful to the flotation of smithsonite, and Fe~ (3), Mg~ (2) and Ca~ (2) can promote the flotation of smithsonite at low concentration. When the concentration of Fe~ (3) > 0.05 mmol 路L ~ (2) and Mg~ (2) > 0.1mmol/L, the flotation of smithsonite is inhibited obviously. For gangue minerals, Fe~ (3), Mg~ (2), Ca~ (2) and Zn~ (2) promoted the flotation of calcite and quartz at lower concentrations. The floatation of calcite and quartz is significantly inhibited. The adsorption capacity of the collector dodecylamine on mineral surface was measured. The results show that the activation of metal ions on mineral flotation is to promote the adsorption of dodecylamine on the corresponding mineral surface.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD923;TD952

【参考文献】