非公路宽体矿用自卸车车架强度分析与试验研究

发布时间：2018-12-18 11:44

【摘要】：由于市场的特殊需求，衍生出一种俗称“宽体车”的非公路自卸车，它采用矿用车偏置式驾驶室和自卸车动力传动系统，是在公路自卸车的基础上通过加强车架，加宽底盘以及匹配大动率的发动机等措施提升其工作效率。宽体车具有一次性装载量大，能适应恶劣的工况、运输相率高、盈利性好等优点。它一般作业于露天矿山、水利水电等大型建设项目，运输路面崎岖不平、路况恶劣和严重的超载对于车辆的承载性、行驶性、通过性和安全性有很高的要求。车架作为该型宽体自卸车的重要组成部分，是传动系统、驾驶室、货箱等各种重要组成部件的安装基体，并且承受来自道路的各种复杂载荷的作用。在工程作业中，为了在短时间获取最大的经济利益，宽体车的运营多采取多拉快跑的模式。在运行中，，车架在承受冲击载荷、扭转载荷和交变载荷等作用下，车架受力复杂多变。因此，该型宽体自卸车要有足够的弯曲强度、适当的扭转强度及一定的抗疲劳能力。本文以宽体车车架为研究对象，利用三维制图软件Pro/E对其进行几何建模，然后导入HyperMesh对其进行前处理并建立了整个车架结构的有限元建模，将生成的有限元模型导入到ANSYS中进行车架强度分析与研究。根据实际的工作环境，强度分析的工况包括：满载工况、举升工况、前轮越障工况、前轮沉陷工况和中轮越障工况。分析车架在典型工况下的应力分布情况，找出车架的薄弱环节及潜在的危险位置，为电测试验的测点和改进车架局部结构提供理论依据。并选取典型的两种工况分析前板簧刚度对车架应力分布和变形的影响。另外，对车架进行静态加载试验测试和矿区动态测试，为有限元提供实践依据并验证有限元计算模型的准确性。通过试验得出车架在不同工况下的各测点的应力大小和车架在矿区路面行驶的应力变化情况。
[Abstract]:Due to the special needs of the market, a kind of off-road dump truck, commonly known as "wide body truck", is derived. It uses the bias cab of mine car and the power transmission system of dump truck, and strengthens the frame of the truck on the basis of road dump truck. Widen the chassis and match the engine with high mobility to improve its working efficiency. The wide-body car has the advantages of large one-time loading capacity, can adapt to bad working conditions, high phase ratio of transportation, good profitability and so on. It generally works in open-pit mines, water conservancy and hydropower projects and other large-scale construction projects, transportation road surface is rugged, bad road conditions and serious overload of vehicles for the bearing, driving, passing and safety have very high requirements. As an important part of this type of wide-body dump truck, the frame is the installation matrix of various important components, such as transmission system, cab, cargo box, and so on, and bears various complex loads from the road. In engineering operation, in order to obtain the maximum economic benefit in a short time, the operation of wide body car adopts Dora fast running mode. In operation, under the action of impact load, torsional load and alternating load, the force of the frame is complex and changeable. Therefore, the wide body dump truck should have sufficient bending strength, proper torsional strength and fatigue resistance. This paper takes the wide body frame as the research object, uses the 3D drawing software Pro/E to carry on the geometry modeling, then imports the HyperMesh to carry on the pre-processing to it and establishes the finite element modeling of the whole frame structure. The generated finite element model is introduced into ANSYS to analyze and study the frame strength. According to the actual working environment, the working conditions of strength analysis include: full load condition, lifting condition, front wheel obstacle surmounting condition, front wheel sinking condition and medium wheel surmounting condition. This paper analyzes the stress distribution of the frame under typical working conditions, finds out the weak link and the potential dangerous position of the frame, and provides the theoretical basis for the measurement point of the electric test and the improvement of the local structure of the frame. The influence of the stiffness of front leaf spring on the stress distribution and deformation of the frame is analyzed in two typical working conditions. In addition, the static loading test and mining dynamic test of the frame provide practical basis for the finite element method and verify the accuracy of the finite element calculation model. The stress of each measuring point of the frame under different working conditions and the stress variation of the frame running on the road surface of the mining area are obtained through the test.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD562.1

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