矿用装载机工作装置的有限元分析及结构优化
发布时间：2018-12-25 19:00
【摘要】：矿用挖掘式装载机是矿井开采中使用较多的一种开采设备本论文涉及的某款ZWY型装载机，在使用过程中，其工作装置发生了断裂，故有必要找出工作装置开裂的原因，并以此为依据对其进行结构改进与优化 本文首先对典型工况下的工作装置进行了有限元静力学分析，考虑到大臂小臂和底座受力复杂且边界条件难以确定，单独分析比较困难，本文以整个工作装置为研究对象进行分析计算由分析结果可知，小臂和底座存在明显的应力集中，其发生部位与现实断裂部位完全吻合，表明小臂和底座的断裂主要是由局部强度不足引起的，同时发现大臂整体受力较小且应力分布不均匀，存在较大的优化空间 其次，本文运用Optistruct求解器对工作装置分别进行了拓扑优化尺寸优化形状优化和联合优化，各个优化设计的目标虽然有所不同，但其最终目标都是在满足装载机刚强度的设计要求下，尽可能地实现结构的轻量化，通过优化，工作装置最大应力和整体重量均下降幅度明显 最后，为了解优化后工作装置动态性能的变化，对优化前后的大臂和小臂进行了模态分析由分析结果发现，优化后的大臂第一阶固有频率较优化前大幅度降低，表明大臂经优化后动态性能下降明显，，故对大臂进行了以提高第一阶固有频率为目标的二次优化经第二次优化后的大臂，第一阶固有频率提高程度明显 通过本论文的研究，找出了ZWY型装载机工作装置断裂的原因，并对其结构进行了改进与优化，优化后的工作装置，静动态性能都有显著的提高本论文的研究能为其它同类型产品的设计提供一定的指导意义
[Abstract]:Mining excavating loader is a kind of mining equipment which is used more frequently in mine mining. In the process of using, the working device of the loader is broken, so it is necessary to find out the reason of the cracking of the working device. Based on this, the structural improvement and optimization are carried out. Firstly, the finite element statics analysis of the working device under typical working conditions is carried out, considering that the force on the forearm and the base is complex and the boundary conditions are difficult to determine. It is difficult to analyze alone. In this paper, the whole working device is taken as the object of study. According to the results of the analysis, there is obvious stress concentration in the forearm and the base, and its occurrence position is completely consistent with the actual fracture site. The results show that the fracture of the forearm and the base is mainly caused by the insufficient local strength. At the same time, it is found that the overall stress of the arm is small and the stress distribution is not uniform, and there is a large space for optimization. In this paper, the Optistruct solver is used to optimize the size and shape of the working device respectively. Although the objectives of each optimization design are different, the final goal is to meet the design requirements of the loaders' rigid strength. By optimizing, the maximum stress and the overall weight of the working device decrease obviously. Finally, in order to understand the dynamic performance of the working device after optimization, Modal analysis of the upper arm and the lower arm before and after optimization. The results of modal analysis show that the first natural frequency of the optimized arm is significantly lower than that before the optimization, which indicates that the dynamic performance of the arm decreases obviously after the optimization. Therefore, the second optimization of the upper arm with the aim of improving the first order natural frequency is carried out, and the degree of the first order natural frequency is obviously improved through the research in this paper. The reason of the breakage of the working device of ZWY loader is found out, and its structure is improved and optimized. The study of static and dynamic performance can provide some guidance for the design of other products of the same type.
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD422.3
本文编号：2391507
[Abstract]:Mining excavating loader is a kind of mining equipment which is used more frequently in mine mining. In the process of using, the working device of the loader is broken, so it is necessary to find out the reason of the cracking of the working device. Based on this, the structural improvement and optimization are carried out. Firstly, the finite element statics analysis of the working device under typical working conditions is carried out, considering that the force on the forearm and the base is complex and the boundary conditions are difficult to determine. It is difficult to analyze alone. In this paper, the whole working device is taken as the object of study. According to the results of the analysis, there is obvious stress concentration in the forearm and the base, and its occurrence position is completely consistent with the actual fracture site. The results show that the fracture of the forearm and the base is mainly caused by the insufficient local strength. At the same time, it is found that the overall stress of the arm is small and the stress distribution is not uniform, and there is a large space for optimization. In this paper, the Optistruct solver is used to optimize the size and shape of the working device respectively. Although the objectives of each optimization design are different, the final goal is to meet the design requirements of the loaders' rigid strength. By optimizing, the maximum stress and the overall weight of the working device decrease obviously. Finally, in order to understand the dynamic performance of the working device after optimization, Modal analysis of the upper arm and the lower arm before and after optimization. The results of modal analysis show that the first natural frequency of the optimized arm is significantly lower than that before the optimization, which indicates that the dynamic performance of the arm decreases obviously after the optimization. Therefore, the second optimization of the upper arm with the aim of improving the first order natural frequency is carried out, and the degree of the first order natural frequency is obviously improved through the research in this paper. The reason of the breakage of the working device of ZWY loader is found out, and its structure is improved and optimized. The study of static and dynamic performance can provide some guidance for the design of other products of the same type.
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD422.3
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本文编号：2391507
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