基于分布式光纤的煤矿火灾检测系统的应用研究

发布时间：2018-12-29 09:20

【摘要】：煤矿电缆线路故障造成的火灾是煤矿井下发生火灾的主要原因之一,而传统的火灾探测仅仅是利用温度信号直接转换成电信号进行探测的,而电信号的在煤矿井下传输时容易受到干扰,导致测量精度、相应时空间分辨率等都较低,针对煤矿电缆线路老化、绝缘皮破损等造成的煤矿井下的火灾问题,本文利用分布式光纤传感技术,设计了能够对煤矿井下实现温度动态监测预警系统。该系统不同于以往的火灾探测的“点”式测量,该系统利用一根感温光纤实现温度的分布式测量,光纤既是温度传感器,又是信号的传输介质,并且光信号在传播过程中,是完全电绝缘的,不容易受到外界的干扰,同时,本系统能实现对沿线多点进行温度测量,能对温度异常点进行准确定位,实现温度预警,因此,其具有重要的研究价值。本应用研究不仅分析了研究的目的、意义以及分布式光纤的未来发展趋势,还对分布式光纤的测温原理有着全面系统的介绍。在总体结构上,设置了光源模块、光电转换、信号处理以及界面显示部分,结合煤矿井下的实际环境,本文对各模块重要元器件的选择都做了较为详细的分析。此外,在系统降噪方面,本文分两个方面进行了分析,选择了最能适用于本系统的方法,特别是在利用现代信号处理技术降噪方面,本文利用了累加平均和小波算法进行降噪,同时针对系统的瑞利噪声,系统在传统的感温光纤的温度解调方法的基础上进行了优化设计,提高了整个系统的性能最后本文在界面显示部分,利用了LABVIEW对系统界面进行了设计,在上位机界面上,能清晰地看到各个预设点的温度值以及变换趋势,一旦温度值超过预先设定的温度范围时,会启动报警联动装置,提醒工作人员采取相关的手段方法,真正能做到对电缆故障造成的潜在火灾事故进行消除
[Abstract]:The fire caused by the fault of coal mine cable line is one of the main causes of underground fire in coal mine, but the traditional fire detection only uses the temperature signal to convert the electric signal directly to detect. The electrical signal transmission in coal mine is easy to be interfered with, which leads to low measurement precision and corresponding spatial resolution. Aiming at the problems of coal mine underground fire caused by the aging of cable line and the damaged insulation skin, etc. In this paper, the distributed optical fiber sensing technology is used to design a dynamic temperature monitoring and warning system for underground coal mines. The system is different from the "point" measurement of fire detection in the past. The system uses a temperature sensing fiber to realize the distributed measurement of temperature. The optical fiber is not only a temperature sensor but also a transmission medium of the signal, and the optical signal is propagating in the process. It is completely electric insulation and is not easily disturbed by the outside world. At the same time, the system can measure the temperature of many points along the route, locate the temperature anomaly accurately, and realize the temperature warning. Therefore, it has important research value. This application study not only analyzes the purpose and significance of the research and the future development trend of distributed optical fiber, but also introduces the principle of temperature measurement of distributed optical fiber in a comprehensive and systematic way. In the overall structure, the light source module, photoelectric conversion, signal processing and interface display part are set up. Combined with the actual environment of underground coal mine, the selection of important components of each module is analyzed in detail in this paper. In addition, in the aspect of system noise reduction, this paper analyzes two aspects, and selects the most suitable method for the system, especially in the aspect of using modern signal processing technology to reduce noise, this paper makes use of accumulative average and wavelet algorithm to reduce noise. At the same time, aiming at the Rayleigh noise of the system, the system is optimized and designed on the basis of the traditional temperature demodulation method of the temperature sensing fiber, which improves the performance of the whole system. The interface of the system is designed by using LABVIEW. On the upper computer interface, the temperature value and the changing trend of each preset point can be clearly seen. Once the temperature value exceeds the preset temperature range, the alarm linkage device will be activated. Staff are reminded to take relevant measures to eliminate potential fire accidents caused by cable failures.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD752.1

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