硫精矿中铅锌铜综合回收利用工艺

发布时间：2018-12-29 21:31

【摘要】：硫精矿主要成分是黄铁矿,常含有伴生的铅锌铜矿物,在我国储量较大,分布极广。若能对硫精矿中的铅、锌和铜进行综合回收利用将带来巨大的经济效益,实现资源的二次利用。在有色金属选矿中,铅、锌和铜在硫精矿中多数以硫化物的形式存在,属于难处理有色金属矿石。随着我国易选冶铅锌铜矿石储量不断减少,如何高效地从伴生矿石中提取铅锌铜矿石,成为当今有色金属工业面临的重大难题。本文以湖南某有色金属公司提供的硫精矿为研究对象,该矿样中含铅1.01%、锌1.15%和铜0.1%,具有较高的回收价值。本文针对矿样中矿物之间伴生关系、存在形式、结构特点等,研究了三种工艺:混合浮选、铅锌铜浮选分离和铅锌铜湿法分离。铅锌铜混合浮选试验表明,浮选的最佳工艺条件是:氢氧化钠用量300 g/t,SN-9#用量400 g/t,丁基黄药用量400 g/t,丁铵黑药用量150 g/t,磨矿细度为-0.074mm占85%,浮选时间为30 min,矿浆浓度为30%。混合浮选试验在最佳工艺条件下得到精矿的产率17.6%,铅、锌和铜的回收率分别达到了85.3%、82.4%和86.5%,同时铅、锌和铜得到高度富集,并且实现了铅、锌和铜与硫精矿和脉石有效的分离,为铅、锌和铜分离试验做了准备工作。铅锌铜浮选分离试验表明,进行抑锌浮铅铜试验时,当磨矿细度为-0.045 mm占80%,丁基黄药用量为40 g/t,浮选时间为8 min时,锌与铅铜矿物能有效的分离。但是由于铅铜矿物之间嵌布关系紧密、伴生复杂、单体得不到有效的解离。所以利用浮选不能将铅锌铜有效的分离。铅锌铜湿法分离试验表明,预处理最佳工艺条件是焙烧温度800℃,焙烧时间4 h,在此条件下烧渣产率稳定在61.3%左右;浸出阶段最佳工艺条件是硫酸用量50%(质量分数),浸出时间10 h,搅拌强度600 r/min,液固比3 mL/g,浸出温度90℃,在此试验条件下,锌和铜的浸出率分别为98.6%和97.2%;置换阶段最佳工艺条件是反应温度30℃,搅拌强度300 r/min,反应时间40 min,nZn/nCu=2.0,在此条件下铜的置换率达到97.5%。实现了利用湿法对铅锌铜混合粗精矿进行分离。
[Abstract]:The main component of sulfur concentrate is pyrite, often containing lead, zinc and copper minerals, which is widely distributed in China. If the lead, zinc and copper in sulfur concentrate can be recovered comprehensively, it will bring great economic benefits and realize the secondary utilization of resources. In nonferrous metal dressing, lead, zinc and copper in sulfur concentrate mostly exist in the form of sulphide, and belong to refractory nonferrous metal ore. With the decreasing reserves of lead-zinc copper ore in China, how to efficiently extract lead-zinc copper ore from associated ores has become a major problem facing the nonferrous metal industry. In this paper, the sulfur concentrate provided by a non-ferrous metal company in Hunan Province is taken as the research object. The sample contains 1.01% lead, 1.15% zinc and 0.1% copper, which has high recovery value. In view of the associated relationship, existing form and structural characteristics of minerals in mineral samples, three processes were studied in this paper: mixed flotation, flotation separation of lead, zinc and copper, and wet separation of lead, zinc and copper. The mixed flotation test of lead, zinc and copper shows that the optimum technological conditions for flotation are: sodium hydroxide 300 g / t SN-9# 400 g / t, Ding Ji 400 g / t, butylammonium black 150 g / t. Grinding fineness-0.074mm is 85 and flotation time is 30 min, pulp concentration is 30. In the mixed flotation test, the yield of concentrate was 17.6.The recoveries of lead, zinc and copper reached 85.3% and 86.5%, respectively, while lead, zinc and copper were highly enriched and lead was realized. The effective separation of zinc and copper from sulfur concentrate and gangue is prepared for the separation test of lead, zinc and copper. The flotation separation test of lead, zinc and copper shows that when the grinding fineness is-0.045 mm, the amount of Ding Ji xanthate is 40 g / t, and the flotation time is 8 min, the separation of zinc from lead and copper can be effectively carried out when the grinding fineness is-0.045 mm and the flotation time is 8 min. However, due to the close distribution relationship between lead and copper minerals, the associated complex, monomer can not be effectively dissociated. Therefore, flotation can not effectively separate lead, zinc and copper. The experimental results of wet separation of lead, zinc and copper show that the optimum pretreatment conditions are calcination temperature 800 鈩，

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