急倾斜特厚煤层开采空区充填技术研究

发布时间：2019-01-25 10:03

【摘要】：急倾斜特厚煤层采用水平分段放顶煤的开采方法时由于多重采动应力导致上方顶板裂隙极易贯穿地表,形成水、气通道联通采空区威胁开采安全的同时也使地表产生塌陷坑,加剧破坏矿区环境。开展急倾斜特厚煤层的充填开采技术的研究,对改善矿区井上下环境、实现绿色开采具有重大科学和现实意义。本研究运用材料力学理论,建立了基于梁结构的急倾斜特厚煤层顶板在采用空区充填技术时的力学模型,得出理想充填状态下所需充填体材料的强度;在物理相似模拟实验中采用应力监测、声发射及钻孔电视等综合监测系统对实验现象进行分析,实验表明:对煤层采用充填开采后,工作面的动压现象、顶板应力集中程度和地面沉降塌陷都有所改善;利用三维有限差分程序计算分析了在部分充填时,不同长度充填体内的应力和应变的分布特征,并得出最佳充填步距;与此同时对比分析充填前后顶板的应力应变以及地表运移情况。最后将所得理论应用到工程现场,根据乌东煤矿开采条件,提出了井上“采空区矸石充填、注浆封闭裂隙”和井下“联合充填体”部分充填开采两位一体充填手段,使用地质雷达扫描来分析充填密实度,并在地面建立观测站对地面沉降进行观测,结果表明,井上下综合充填技术对急倾斜特厚煤层开采下的地面沉降具有效控制,对环境起到保护作用。本研究对特厚煤层开采矿山的采空区充填减沉、灾害防控和绿色矿山建设具有重要科学意义和借鉴价值。
[Abstract]:When the mining method of steeply inclined and super-thick coal seam is adopted in horizontal sublevel top coal caving, because of the multiple mining dynamic stress, the upper roof fissure is easy to penetrate the surface, forming water, and the gas passage connects the goaf area to threaten the mining safety, at the same time, it also causes the surface collapse pit. Aggravate damage to the environment of the mining area. It is of great scientific and practical significance to carry out the research on filling mining technology of steeply inclined and extra thick coal seam to improve the environment up and down of mining area and to realize green mining. Based on the theory of material mechanics, the mechanical model of the roof of steeply inclined and extra thick coal seam based on beam structure is established, and the strength of the filling material is obtained under the ideal filling condition. In the physical similarity simulation experiment, a comprehensive monitoring system, such as stress monitoring, acoustic emission and borehole television, is used to analyze the experimental phenomena. The experimental results show that the dynamic pressure phenomenon of the coal face is obtained after the coal seam is mined by filling. The degree of stress concentration and the subsidence of the roof are improved. The distribution characteristics of stress and strain during partial filling are analyzed by using 3D finite difference program, and the optimum filling step is obtained. At the same time, the stress and strain of roof and surface migration before and after filling are analyzed. Finally, the theory is applied to the project site. According to the mining conditions of Wudong coal mine, two filling methods are put forward, that is, the filling of gangue in goaf, grouting and sealing fissures, and the partial filling of underground "combined filling body". The density of filling is analyzed by using geological radar scanning, and the ground subsidence is observed by setting up observation station on the ground. The results show that the integrated filling technology of well top and bottom can effectively control the ground subsidence under the mining of steep and super thick coal seam. Protect the environment. This study has important scientific significance and reference value for goaf filling, disaster prevention and control and green mine construction.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD823.7

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