中国东北多煤层老矿区采煤沉陷地损毁特征与复垦规划

发布时间：2019-02-14 16:55

【摘要】：多煤层老矿区开采时间长,土地损毁程度严重,沉陷地再利用情况复杂。该文通过实地调查和搜集各煤矿地质地形图、采掘图、储量图和采矿历史等资料,借助矿区沉陷预计软件(MSPS),运用概率积分法对鹤岗矿区沉陷地近期(2014-2020年)和远景(2021年-闭矿)2个阶段进行沉陷预测,并采用ArcGIS软件对数据进行统计分析。根据有关规程中各地类沉陷地损毁程度判定标准对鹤岗采煤沉陷地损毁程度进行划分。基于鹤岗采煤沉陷地损毁特征,提出鹤岗矿区沉陷地时空复垦的规划模式。结果表明:随着煤炭不断开采,多煤层老矿区沉陷范围不断扩大,土地损毁程度加重,地表最大下沉深度达39.4 m;沉陷地在进行再利用过程中存在阶段性变化特征,可根据特定阶段沉陷地损毁特征制定土地用途。沉陷地区域稳定性特征和损毁程度是进行沉陷地时空复垦规划的重要依据。从时间安排看,应以闭矿沉陷地损毁程度为着眼点,全面考虑,确定各区域稳沉时序,鹤岗采煤沉陷划分为优先永久治理区、优先临时治理区、动态治理区和未来治理区;从空间布局看,前3个治理区功能定位依次为接续替代产业用地、短期工业用地和农业用地。
[Abstract]:The mining time of the old coal mine is long, the land damage is serious, and the reuse of the subsidence land is complicated. Through field investigation and collection of geological topographic map, mining map, reserve map and mining history of each coal mine, the paper makes use of the subsidence prediction software (MSPS), of mining area. The probability integration method is used to predict the subsidence in the near future (2014-2020) and the prospective (2021 ~ 2021) in Hegang mining area, and the data are analyzed by ArcGIS software. According to the criterion of damage degree of subsidence land in Hegang coal mining area, the damage degree of coal mining subsidence in Hegang coal mining area is divided. Based on the damage characteristics of coal mining subsidence in Hegang, the planning model of land reclamation in Hegang mining area is put forward. The results show that: with the continuous mining of coal, the subsidence range of the old multi-seam mining area is expanding, the degree of land damage is aggravated, and the maximum subsidence depth of the surface reaches 39.4 m; In the process of reuse, the subsidence land has the characteristics of periodic change, and the land use can be determined according to the damage characteristics of the subsidence land in a specific stage. Regional stability and damage degree of subsidence land are the important basis for land reclamation planning in time and space. From the point of view of time arrangement, we should take the damage degree of closed subsidence land as the starting point, consider comprehensively, determine the stable subsidence sequence of each area, and divide the coal subsidence in Hegang into priority permanent control area, preferential temporary control area, dynamic control area and future control area. From the view of spatial layout, the functional positioning of the first three governance areas is followed by successive industrial land, short-term industrial land and agricultural land.
【作者单位】：中国矿业大学(北京)土地复垦与生态重建研究所;
【基金】：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项资助项目(200911015-03)
【分类号】：TD88;TD327

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