复杂地表条件下模型建立与静校正应用研究
发布时间：2019-02-20 19:40
【摘要】：近年来国内的勘探热点主要分布于新疆的沙漠地区、山西、内蒙的黄土塬地区以及川东南的南方山地,这些地方资料的一个共同的特点就是由于复杂的地质条件造成资料存在严重的静校正问题。地震剖面波场形态不能准确的反映地下介质真实形态,造成对区域构造错误解释认识[1],再加上过高的勘探投入成本,制约了这一地区石油物探的勘探开发。因此,探索和研究这种复杂地表条件下静校正处理方法具有十分重要理论意义和现实意义。通过实际地震资料来分析研究静校正问题通常是很困难的,因为采集的地震资料往往都是高精度,高覆盖的次数数据量庞大的记录,单炮资料的信噪比也通常很低,在这个资料的基础上来不断改变初至信息测试静校正计算效果是不现实的,加上实际资料本身具有很大的不确定性,让测试的结果也缺少说服力。因此,通过正演模拟复杂地表条件下的地震资料,在此基础上进行各种分析测试是方便易行并具有可操作性的。本文首先选择一条实际处理解释的典型的南方山地地震剖面,资料具有起伏高差大,风化层厚度不均匀,以及完整的向斜构造造成表层横向岩性变化大,速度变化快等特点,含有突出的静校正问题。然后通过正演模拟软件,采用三维非均匀介质声波方程正演方法结合测井资料等获得的区域物性参数,选择合理的观测系统和正演参数来模拟地震记录,并根据模拟记录的情况调整地质模型,使得模拟记录能够反映实际地震资料的特点。通过详细对比分析,最终确定了两套地质模型为论文研究提供基础资料。接下来利用模型计算的正演地震数据,分析不同的初至时间拾取方式和利用不同的初至信息来构建表层模型,研究这些不同信息所反演出表层模型的特点及与实际模型的吻合程度。并继续探讨选取不同偏移距初至和初至拾取的精度对静校正计算精度的影响,同时分析不同的静校正算法对于不同的复杂地质体的适应程度。通过上面模拟资料的分析结果来指导以后实际资料的静校正处理方法是非常有意义的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the domestic hot spots of exploration are mainly distributed in the desert areas of Xinjiang, Shanxi, the Loess Plateau of Inner Mongolia and the southern mountainous areas of southeast Sichuan. A common feature of these local data is the serious statics problem caused by complicated geological conditions. Seismic profile wave field shape can not accurately reflect the true shape of underground media, resulting in the understanding of regional structural misinterpretation [1] and the high exploration input cost, which restricts the exploration and development of petroleum geophysical exploration in this area. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore and study this method of static correction under complex surface conditions. It is usually very difficult to analyze and study static correction problems through the actual seismic data, because the collected seismic data are often recorded with high accuracy, large numbers of data with high coverage, and the signal-to-noise ratio of single shot data is usually very low. On the basis of this data, it is not realistic to constantly change the static correction calculation effect of the first arrival information test, and the actual data itself is very uncertain, which makes the test results lack of persuasion. Therefore, it is convenient and feasible to carry out various kinds of analysis and test on the basis of forward modeling seismic data under complex surface conditions. In this paper, a typical southern mountain seismic section, which is actually processed and interpreted, is selected in this paper. The data are characterized by large height difference, uneven weathering layer thickness, and large lateral lithologic change and fast velocity change caused by the complete syncline structure. Contains outstanding static correction problems. Then, by using forward modeling software, using 3-D inhomogeneous medium acoustic equation forward modeling method combined with well logging data to obtain regional physical parameters, select reasonable observation system and forward parameters to simulate seismic records. The geological model is adjusted according to the simulated records so that the simulated records can reflect the characteristics of the actual seismic data. Through detailed comparison and analysis, two sets of geological models are finally determined to provide basic data for the research of this paper. Then, using the forward seismic data calculated by the model, we analyze the different ways of picking up the first arrival time and use the different initial arrival information to construct the surface model. The characteristics of the surface model and the degree of agreement with the actual model are studied. The influence of the initial arrival and the pick up accuracy of different offset on the static correction calculation accuracy is discussed, and the adaptability of different static correction algorithms to different complex geological bodies is analyzed at the same time. It is very meaningful to guide the statics processing method of the actual data by analyzing the above simulated data.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4
本文编号：2427189
[Abstract]:In recent years, the domestic hot spots of exploration are mainly distributed in the desert areas of Xinjiang, Shanxi, the Loess Plateau of Inner Mongolia and the southern mountainous areas of southeast Sichuan. A common feature of these local data is the serious statics problem caused by complicated geological conditions. Seismic profile wave field shape can not accurately reflect the true shape of underground media, resulting in the understanding of regional structural misinterpretation [1] and the high exploration input cost, which restricts the exploration and development of petroleum geophysical exploration in this area. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore and study this method of static correction under complex surface conditions. It is usually very difficult to analyze and study static correction problems through the actual seismic data, because the collected seismic data are often recorded with high accuracy, large numbers of data with high coverage, and the signal-to-noise ratio of single shot data is usually very low. On the basis of this data, it is not realistic to constantly change the static correction calculation effect of the first arrival information test, and the actual data itself is very uncertain, which makes the test results lack of persuasion. Therefore, it is convenient and feasible to carry out various kinds of analysis and test on the basis of forward modeling seismic data under complex surface conditions. In this paper, a typical southern mountain seismic section, which is actually processed and interpreted, is selected in this paper. The data are characterized by large height difference, uneven weathering layer thickness, and large lateral lithologic change and fast velocity change caused by the complete syncline structure. Contains outstanding static correction problems. Then, by using forward modeling software, using 3-D inhomogeneous medium acoustic equation forward modeling method combined with well logging data to obtain regional physical parameters, select reasonable observation system and forward parameters to simulate seismic records. The geological model is adjusted according to the simulated records so that the simulated records can reflect the characteristics of the actual seismic data. Through detailed comparison and analysis, two sets of geological models are finally determined to provide basic data for the research of this paper. Then, using the forward seismic data calculated by the model, we analyze the different ways of picking up the first arrival time and use the different initial arrival information to construct the surface model. The characteristics of the surface model and the degree of agreement with the actual model are studied. The influence of the initial arrival and the pick up accuracy of different offset on the static correction calculation accuracy is discussed, and the adaptability of different static correction algorithms to different complex geological bodies is analyzed at the same time. It is very meaningful to guide the statics processing method of the actual data by analyzing the above simulated data.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 孙宗良;基于空间插值的三维近地表建模及可视化研究[D];成都理工大学;2018年
，本文编号：2427189
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