钻式采煤机工作机构定向钻进偏斜研究

发布时间：2019-02-25 17:19

【摘要】：煤炭资源是一种不可再生能源,为了最大化其开采利用率,避免资源浪费,薄与极薄煤层的弃采、滥采等问题已经成为实现经济社会可持续发展不得不面对的重要难题。钻式采煤机作为一种新型的薄煤层无人工作面开采设备,其工作机构的定向钻进性能成为制约设备使用寿命和钻采效率的关键问题。基于此,本文采用理论分析、多体动力学仿真和模化试验研究的方法,对工作机构的稳定性、模态、偏斜和振动特性进行研究,分析结构形式、钻进深度、载荷等因素对钻式采煤机工作机构定向钻进性能的影响,并针对五钻头采煤机工作机构提出新型钻杆稳定器及一种液压纠偏机构来保证其钻进的定向性。在对钻式采煤机工作机构合理简化和假设的基础上,建立了钻式采煤机工作机构正弦屈曲和螺旋屈曲问题的力学模型,并导出了屈曲平衡方程,得到了临界屈曲载荷与临界转速的关系,为钻式采煤机工作机构的设计和研究提供了指导和理论依据。基于模态分析理论,利用ANSYS-Workbench软件对钻式采煤机工作机构进行约束模态分析和预应力模态分析,获得了不同结构形式、不同钻杆长度条件下工作机构的固有频率和模态振型,并分析了各因素对工作机构固有频率和振型的影响规律,得到了工作机构弯曲变形形式与各因素之间的关系,为提高工作机构整体和局部稳定性提供了参考和指导。利用动力学分析软件ADAMS软件建立了钻式采煤机工作机构刚柔耦合动力学模型,分别对三钻头、五钻头工作机构在不同钻进深度和不同偏载条件下的偏斜和振动特性进行了仿真分析。研究表明:五钻头工作机构的抗偏斜能力、振动特性和偏斜作用力明显优于三钻头工作机构形式;随着钻进深度的不断增加,工作机构在x和y方向的偏斜和振动均有增大趋势并逐渐趋于稳定,且在y方向的偏斜量远大于x方向的偏斜量;受偏载作用时,工作机构会产生较为严重的单侧偏斜;钻杆稳定器每间隔5节钻杆和风筒布置时,既能有效减小工作机构的偏斜和振动,又能尽量少的布置稳定器以减弱其对钻杆输煤的影响。仿真研究结果为降低钻式采煤机工作机构的振动、提高钻式采煤机工作可靠性和使用寿命提供了依据。开展了钻式采煤机试验研究,在煤岩截割试验台的基础上搭建了三钻头工作机构模拟钻进试验台,并根据所需要测试的参数构建了试验台测试系统;进行了三钻头工作机构在不同钻进深度下的模化钻进试验,获得工作机构的推进阻力、钻削扭矩及其偏斜和振动特性。模化试验研究成果为降低钻式采煤机工作机构的偏斜和振动提供了试验依据,对实现钻式采煤机的定向钻进和钻采效率的提高具有参考价值。
[Abstract]:Coal resource is a kind of non-renewable energy. In order to maximize the utilization ratio of coal exploitation and avoid the waste of resources, the abandoned and excessive mining of thin and extremely thin coal seam has become an important problem to realize the sustainable development of economy and society. As a new type of mining equipment in thin coal seam, the directional drilling performance of the working mechanism of drilling shearer has become the key problem to restrict the service life of the equipment and the efficiency of drilling and mining. Based on this, this paper adopts the methods of theoretical analysis, multi-body dynamics simulation and simulation test to study the stability, mode, deflection and vibration characteristics of the working mechanism, and analyze the structure form, drilling depth, and so on. The influence of load and other factors on the directional drilling performance of the working mechanism of the drilling shearer, and a new drill pipe stabilizer and a hydraulic deviation correcting mechanism are put forward to ensure the orientation of drilling for the working mechanism of the five-bit shearer. On the basis of reasonable simplification and assumption of the working mechanism of drilling shearer, the mechanical models of sinusoidal buckling and spiral buckling of the working mechanism of drilling shearer are established, and the buckling equilibrium equations are derived. The relationship between critical buckling load and critical speed is obtained, which provides guidance and theoretical basis for the design and research of working mechanism of drilling shearer. Based on the modal analysis theory, the constrained modal analysis and pre-stressed modal analysis of the working mechanism of drilling shearer are carried out by using ANSYS-Workbench software. The natural frequencies and modal modes of the working mechanism under the conditions of different structure forms and different drill pipe lengths are obtained. The influence of each factor on the natural frequency and mode shape of the working mechanism is analyzed, and the relationship between the bending deformation form of the working mechanism and the factors is obtained, which provides a reference and guidance for improving the overall and local stability of the working mechanism. Based on the dynamic analysis software ADAMS, the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of the working mechanism of drill shearer is established. The deflection and vibration characteristics of the five bit working mechanism under different drilling depths and different bias loads are simulated and analyzed. The research shows that the anti-deviation ability, vibration characteristic and deflection force of the five-bit working mechanism are obviously better than that of the third-drill-head working mechanism. With the increasing of drilling depth, the deviation and vibration of the working mechanism in the x and y directions have an increasing trend and tend to become stable gradually, and the deviation in the y direction is much larger than that in the x direction, and the deviation in the y direction is much larger than that in the x direction. Under the bias load, the working mechanism will produce a more serious unilateral deviation; When the drill pipe stabilizer is arranged at 5 intervals, it can not only reduce the deviation and vibration of the working mechanism, but also reduce the influence of the stabilizer on the coal transport of the drill pipe as little as possible. The simulation results provide a basis for reducing the vibration of the working mechanism of the drilling shearer and improving the working reliability and service life of the drilling shearer. Based on the coal and rock cutting test-bed, the simulation drilling test-bed of three-head working mechanism is built, and the test-bed testing system is constructed according to the parameters needed to be tested. The model drilling tests of the three-head working mechanism under different drilling depths were carried out. The propulsion resistance, drilling torque and its deviation and vibration characteristics of the working mechanism were obtained. The results of the model test provide the experimental basis for reducing the deviation and vibration of the working mechanism of the drilling shearer, and have reference value for realizing the directional drilling and the improvement of the drilling production efficiency of the drilling shearer.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD421.6

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