采掘工作面防尘技术的比较研究
发布时间：2019-04-26 13:06
【摘要】：煤矿井下粉尘是煤矿主要的职业病危害因素,随着煤炭生产机械化程度和生产效率大幅提升,井下产尘量不断提高,几十年来,我国对煤矿防尘技术进行不断地创新,我国有许多防尘技术,但井下粉尘浓度依然严重超标。本研究对采掘工作面主要防降尘技术即煤层注水、喷雾降尘、物理化学防降尘效果进行比较研究,对各种防降尘技术检测结果进行比较,发现湿式降尘技术即煤层注水和喷雾降尘应为主要防降尘技术措施。从影响喷雾降尘效果的因素方面进行实验,得出在一定条件下,除尘效率随液滴流量的增大而提高;在一定的条件下,喷雾气压越大,除尘效率越高;在实际应用中尽管增大气压有助于雾化效果,且国外使用高压喷雾压力一般在12兆帕以上,但是增大气压噪声明显增大,并且对管道和压力泵有特殊要求,国内很难达到。对A到O共15个煤矿进行防尘技术现场应用调查,通过效果比较得出喷雾降尘要优于煤层注水。对P矿和Q矿进行粉尘检测,发现煤矿在采取喷雾降尘等措施后,采煤机司机处和炮掘工作面的打眼工岗位粉尘浓度超标严重。主要原因是防降尘措施执行不好,水滴雾化效果不佳。针对R矿机械化程度高,水滴雾化效果不好,喷雾压力过低等防尘现状,通过对综(采)掘机高压外喷雾系统技术改造,防尘帘净化水幕和防尘管路改造,R矿井下粉尘浓度显著下降。对S矿采取综合防尘设计方案后,S矿的粉尘浓度有了明显改善。以湿式防尘为主的综合防尘应成为井下防尘的主流,高效降尘剂的研制,难注水煤层的工艺的研究,喷雾降尘的智能化以及个体防护用品的提高等将成为防降尘技术提升的关键。
[Abstract]:Coal mine dust is the main occupational hazard factor in coal mine. With the coal production mechanization degree and production efficiency greatly increased, the underground dust production has been increasing continuously. In the past decades, the coal mine dust control technology has been continuously innovated in our country. There are many dust control techniques in our country, but the underground dust concentration still exceeds the standard seriously. In this study, the main dust control techniques in mining face, namely coal seam injection, spray dust control and physical chemistry dust control, are compared, and the testing results of various dust control techniques are compared. It is found that wet dust reduction technology, that is, water injection and spray dust reduction in coal seam, should be the main technical measures for dust control. The experimental results show that the dust removal efficiency increases with the increase of the droplet flow rate under certain conditions, and the higher the spray pressure is, the higher the dust removal efficiency is, and the higher the spray pressure is, the higher the dust removal efficiency is, and the higher the dust removal efficiency is with the increase of droplet flow rate under certain conditions. In practical application, although increasing air pressure is helpful to atomization effect, and the pressure of high pressure spray abroad is generally more than 12 MPA, but the increase of air pressure noise is obviously increased, and there are special requirements for pipeline and pressure pump, so it is very difficult to achieve it in our country. The field application of dust control technology in 15 coal mines from A to O is investigated. The results show that the dust reduction by spray is better than that by water injection in coal seam. After dust detection in P mine and Q mine, it is found that dust concentration exceeds the standard in the position of coal miner driver and blasting face after adopting the measures of spray dust reduction and so on. The main reason is that the anti-dust measures are not carried out well, and the atomization effect of water droplets is not good. In view of the present situation of dust prevention in R mine, such as high mechanization degree, poor atomization effect of water droplets, low spray pressure and so on, through the technical reform of the high pressure external spray system of the ensemble (mining) roadheader, the dust-proof curtain purification water curtain and dust-proof pipeline are reformed. The dust concentration under R mine decreased significantly. The dust concentration of S mine has been improved obviously after adopting the comprehensive dust control design scheme for S mine. The comprehensive dust control based on wet dust control should become the mainstream of downhole dust control, the development of high efficiency dust remover and the research on the technology of difficult injection of coal seam. The intelligence of spray dust reduction and the improvement of individual protective equipment will be the key to the improvement of dust control technology.
【学位授予单位】：华北科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD714.4
本文编号：2466092
[Abstract]:Coal mine dust is the main occupational hazard factor in coal mine. With the coal production mechanization degree and production efficiency greatly increased, the underground dust production has been increasing continuously. In the past decades, the coal mine dust control technology has been continuously innovated in our country. There are many dust control techniques in our country, but the underground dust concentration still exceeds the standard seriously. In this study, the main dust control techniques in mining face, namely coal seam injection, spray dust control and physical chemistry dust control, are compared, and the testing results of various dust control techniques are compared. It is found that wet dust reduction technology, that is, water injection and spray dust reduction in coal seam, should be the main technical measures for dust control. The experimental results show that the dust removal efficiency increases with the increase of the droplet flow rate under certain conditions, and the higher the spray pressure is, the higher the dust removal efficiency is, and the higher the spray pressure is, the higher the dust removal efficiency is, and the higher the dust removal efficiency is with the increase of droplet flow rate under certain conditions. In practical application, although increasing air pressure is helpful to atomization effect, and the pressure of high pressure spray abroad is generally more than 12 MPA, but the increase of air pressure noise is obviously increased, and there are special requirements for pipeline and pressure pump, so it is very difficult to achieve it in our country. The field application of dust control technology in 15 coal mines from A to O is investigated. The results show that the dust reduction by spray is better than that by water injection in coal seam. After dust detection in P mine and Q mine, it is found that dust concentration exceeds the standard in the position of coal miner driver and blasting face after adopting the measures of spray dust reduction and so on. The main reason is that the anti-dust measures are not carried out well, and the atomization effect of water droplets is not good. In view of the present situation of dust prevention in R mine, such as high mechanization degree, poor atomization effect of water droplets, low spray pressure and so on, through the technical reform of the high pressure external spray system of the ensemble (mining) roadheader, the dust-proof curtain purification water curtain and dust-proof pipeline are reformed. The dust concentration under R mine decreased significantly. The dust concentration of S mine has been improved obviously after adopting the comprehensive dust control design scheme for S mine. The comprehensive dust control based on wet dust control should become the mainstream of downhole dust control, the development of high efficiency dust remover and the research on the technology of difficult injection of coal seam. The intelligence of spray dust reduction and the improvement of individual protective equipment will be the key to the improvement of dust control technology.
【学位授予单位】：华北科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD714.4
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