含铷云母浮选工艺及药剂作用机理研究

发布时间：2019-05-14 22:55

【摘要】：目前国内外选别云母主要采用胺类捕收剂在强酸性矿浆中进行浮选或者强碱性条件下阴阳离子组合捕收剂浮选,强酸或碱性条件对设备腐蚀严重。广东省龙川县某铷矿,铷主要以类质同象形式赋存于黑云母中,回收黑云母矿物即可达到富集铷的目的。因此探索一种更为简洁的工艺以及更加温和的浮选条件具有很大的实际意义。本文主要研究了黑云母和长石纯矿物的浮选行为,分别考察了两者在不同捕收剂、不同pH值、不同调整剂等条件下的可浮性变化并比较两者差异,从而找出它们可能分离的浮选条件,并通过实际矿物浮选试验验证了单矿物浮选结果。通过红外光谱测试、吸附量测试、接触角测试等手段研究了药剂与黑云母和长石的作用机理。得出的主要结论如下:纯矿物试验中,对比了阳离子捕收剂十一二胺(DDA),十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(DTAC),十四烷基三甲基氯化铵(TTAC)和阴离子捕收剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS),油酸钠(NaOL)对黑云母和长石纯矿物的浮选性能,并且探讨了捕收剂用量、矿浆pH值、抑制剂水玻璃用量对黑云母和长石浮选分离的影响,优化筛选出较为合适的药剂制度:捕收剂DTAC用量为1.6×10-4 mol/L,矿浆pH值为6,抑制剂水玻璃用量为400 g/t。在此条件下,可达到黑云母回收率93.1%,长石回收率7.1%的纯矿物分选效果。实际矿石试验以纯矿物浮选试验得到的药剂制度为指导,在使用H2SO4调节矿浆在弱酸性条件下,pH为6左右时,用单一捕收剂DTAC,粗选用量600 g/t,扫选300 g/t,抑制剂水玻璃粗选400 g/t,扫选和精选200 g/t。在此基础上进行"一粗两扫四精"的闭路浮选试验可获得Rb20品位为0.614%、回收率为84.10%的富铷黑云母精矿,选矿指标良好,有效的实现了铷的富集。红外分析结果表明所选择的捕收剂与矿物表面作用均为物理吸附,且十二胺和十二烷基三甲基氯化铵在黑云母表面形成更强的特征吸收峰。并在十二烷基三甲基氯化铵体系下进行了接触角和吸附量试验。吸附量试验表明矿浆pH值和药剂用量都能改变矿物表面的疏水性。接触角试验表明黑云母、长石两种矿物的天然亲水性均很好,当使用捕收剂十二烷基三甲基氯化铵对两种矿物进行处理可以更好的增加黑云母矿物表面的疏水性,使黑云母与长石得到有效分离。而且,吸附量测试和接触角测试结果与纯矿物浮选试验结果对比发现,pH值和捕收剂用量均会影响捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附量,从而影响矿物表面的可浮性。
[Abstract]:At present, amine collector is mainly used for flotation of mica in strong acid pulp or anion and cationic collector floatation under strong alkaline condition, and the corrosion of equipment is serious under strong acid or alkaline conditions. In a rubidium mine in Longchuan County, Guangdong Province, rubidium is mainly found in biomica in the form of isomorphism. The recovery of biotite minerals can achieve the purpose of enriching rubidium. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to explore a more concise process and milder flotation conditions. In this paper, the floatation behavior of biotite and feldspar pure minerals was studied, and the floatability of biomica and feldspar minerals under different collector, pH and regulator conditions were investigated and compared. Thus, the flotation conditions of their possible separation are found out, and the flotation results of single mineral are verified by the actual mineral flotation test. The interaction mechanism of the agent with biotite and feldspar was studied by means of infrared spectroscopy, adsorption capacity and contact angle. The main conclusions are as follows: in the pure mineral test, the cationic collector (DDA), lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC), was compared. The flotation performance of tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (TTAC) and anion collector sodium lauryl sulfonate (SDS), sodium oleate (NaOL) for biotite and feldspar pure minerals was discussed, and the dosage of collector and pH value of pulp were discussed. The effect of the amount of inhibitor sodium silicate on the flotation separation of biotite and feldspar was optimized, and the suitable reagent system was optimized as follows: the dosage of collector DTAC was 1.6 脳 10 脳 4 mol/L, pulp pH 6, and the dosage of inhibitor sodium silicate was 400 g 路t ~ (- 1). Under these conditions, the recovery of biotite and feldspar can be 93.1% and 7.1% respectively. Under the guidance of the reagent system obtained from the pure mineral flotation test, the actual ore test is guided by the reagent system obtained from the pure mineral flotation test. When the pulp is adjusted by H2SO4 under the condition of weak acidity and pH is about 6, the crude separation dosage of single collector DTAC, is 600g / t, and the cleaning rate is 300g / t. Inhibitor sodium silicate crude selection 400 g / t, sweep and select 200 g / t. On this basis, the closed circuit flotation test of "one rough, two sweep and four essence" can obtain rubidium rich biotite concentrate with Rb20 grade of 0.614% and recovery of 84.10%. The mineral processing index is good and the enrichment of rubidium is realized effectively. The results of infrared analysis show that the interaction between the selected collector and mineral surface is physical adsorption, and the characteristic absorption peaks of decylamine and lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride on the surface of biotite are stronger. The contact angle and adsorption capacity were tested in the system of lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride. The adsorption capacity test shows that the pH value of pulp and the dosage of reagent can change the hydrophobicity of mineral surface. The contact angle test shows that the natural hydrophilicity of biomica and feldspar minerals is very good. When the two minerals are treated with decyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, the hydrophobicity of biotite minerals can be better increased. The biotite and feldspar are separated effectively. Moreover, the results of adsorption capacity test and contact angle test are compared with those of pure mineral flotation test. It is found that pH value and collector dosage can affect the adsorption capacity of collector on mineral surface, thus affecting the floatability of mineral surface.
【学位授予单位】：北京有色金属研究总院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD923;TD97

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