基于SAR技术的矿区大梯度形变时序监测

发布时间：2019-05-27 19:44

【摘要】：矿区开采沉陷不同于其他地表形变,具有地质条件复杂、地理环境特殊、沉降快速、剧烈的特点。近年来InSAR技术虽然在城市地表形变、地震、冰川移动等领域取得到了广泛的应用,然而受到技术本身原理的限制,其在诸如矿区开采沉陷等大梯度形变区域的应用效果不如人意。因此,本文致力于以SAR领域的Offset-tracking技术为核心,通过若干改进以及在技术原理层面与传统D-InSAR技术结合,提高SAR技术在矿区大梯度形变的监测能力和精度。论文主要工作内容如下:(1)总结分析了SAR技术的研究现状和理论原理,分别介绍了D-InSAR技术、SBAS技术、Offset-tracking技术以及开采沉陷参数反演的研究现状,并指出了以上几种技术方法的优势与不足。同时介绍了D-InSAR差分干涉测量技术以及Offset-tracking偏移量追踪技术的基本原理,并分析了传统差分干涉测量技术监测能力的局限性。(2)在对Offset-tracking技术的误差模型分析的基础上,采用基于查询列表的配准方法提高配准精度,然后通过二次曲面拟合的方式对该技术的系统误差进行整体去除,改进了偏移量追踪技术处理方法。改进方法在一定程度上减弱了Offset-tracking技术中相关误差带来的影响,为后续进一步的时序处理提供了精度保障。(3)鉴于传统D-InSAR方法在监测微小形变方面的优势以及Offset-tracking技术在大梯度形变监测中强大的探测能力,采用由D-InSAR技术的到的形变相位主值叠加由Offset-tracking技术得到的形变相位整周数得到最终的形变相位,构建了基于相位融合的时序偏移量追踪技术。在此基础上采用SBAS小基线集策略进行时序解算,以减小时空基线带来的误差。(4)在SAR技术监测矿区沉降值的基础上,首先提取了地表下沉盆地的角量值以及主要影响半径等一系列矿区沉陷参数,并根据经验公式计算得到开采工作面的概率积分预计参数。进而结合传统矿山开采沉陷理论并加入数学方法,进行矿区开采沉陷参数反演及预计,保障了开采沉陷实时预测精度,为矿区开采沉陷实时预测提供了技术方法。
[Abstract]:Mining subsidence in mining area is different from other surface deformation, which has the characteristics of complex geological conditions, special geographical environment, rapid settlement and intense settlement. In recent years, InSAR technology has been widely used in urban surface deformation, earthquake, glacier movement and other fields, but it is limited by the principle of the technology itself. Its application effect in large gradient deformation areas such as mining subsidence is not satisfactory. Therefore, this paper is devoted to taking the Offset-tracking technology in the field of SAR as the core, through some improvements and combining with the traditional D-InSAR technology in the technical principle level, to improve the monitoring ability and accuracy of SAR technology in mining area. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the research status and theoretical principle of SAR technology are summarized and analyzed, and the research status of D-InSAR technology, SBAS technology, Offset-tracking technology and mining subsidence parameter inversion are introduced respectively. The advantages and disadvantages of the above technical methods are pointed out. At the same time, the basic principle of D-InSAR differential interferometric measurement technology and Offset-tracking offset tracking technology is introduced. The limitations of the monitoring ability of the traditional differential interferometric technology are analyzed. (2) based on the analysis of the error model of Offset-tracking technology, the registration method based on query list is used to improve the registration accuracy. Then the systematic error of the technique is removed by Quadric surface fitting, and the processing method of offset tracking technology is improved. To a certain extent, the improved method weakens the influence of related errors in Offset-tracking technology. It provides precision guarantee for further time series processing. (3) in view of the advantages of traditional D-InSAR method in monitoring small deformation and the strong detection ability of Offset-tracking technology in large gradient deformation monitoring, The final deformation phase is obtained by using the principal value superposition of deformation phase obtained by D-InSAR technique and the whole cycle number of deformation phase obtained by Offset-tracking technique, and the timing offset tracking technology based on phase fusion is constructed. On this basis, the SBAS small baseline set strategy is used to solve the time series in order to reduce the error caused by the temporal and spatial baseline. (4) on the basis of monitoring the settlement value of the mining area by SAR technology, Firstly, a series of mining subsidence parameters, such as the angle value and the main influence radius of the surface subsidence basin, are extracted, and the probability integral prediction parameters of the mining face are calculated according to the empirical formula. Furthermore, combined with the traditional mining subsidence theory and adding mathematical methods, the inversion and prediction of mining subsidence parameters are carried out, which ensures the accuracy of real-time prediction of mining subsidence and provides a technical method for real-time prediction of mining subsidence.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD325.4

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