露天矿短期生产计划优化研究

发布时间：2020-07-15 12:59

【摘要】：露天矿运行的一个关键环节是各块段开采顺序的优化,寻找开采效益最优的方案。在这一部分所面临的难题,即露天矿问题的块调度,是考虑到几个技术和物理约束,确定最终目标以确定块提取的最优调度的安排。本研究引入了解决露天矿问题的综合数学模型,该模型考虑了实际采矿作业的技术条件。在该模型中,对块的属性、目的地分配、块调度、等级控制和库存进行了研究和集成,以满足生产目标,并基本上降低了库存成本。与传统的矿块调度模型相比,该模型是根据块单元(最小挖掘单元)开发的,同时满足等级、处理和优先关系要求的所有约束条件。露天矿块调度是一个非确定性多项式问题,因此,标准整数规划求解器不能解决工业规模问题。因此在MATLAB软件中创建和编码启发式算法和元启发式算法,包括构造启发法、模拟退火法、禁忌搜索法和局部搜索法。禁忌搜索法与模拟退火法是一种新的杂交算法,具有两种特征。为了验证所提出的启发式算法,在这些算法的结果和标准求解器(CPLEX)的结果之间进行比较,对于适用于大规模案例的求解。此外,根据实地的真实数据。进行敏感性分析和数值研究,以定量和洞察力的建议规划师和采矿工程师。
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2018
【分类号】：TD804
【图文】：

模型图,模型

d height (z) of the block model. Fig 1-1a and Fig 1-1b demonstrate a 3D and a 2Dck model individually. A block model content of a numerous of the individualck in which various attributes like, specific gravity, rock category, and grade arealuated for every individual block. The model of a big volume of ore may have auple millions of blocks that depending on the volume of the ore and the dimensionsthe blocks (Fig1-2). The average grade of each individual block is assumed byostatistical methods[11]. Geo-statistical and Statistical strategies are mostly used toess the properties of the block depend on the exploration data (data of holes). theiging estimator is a commonly used method for estimating and evaluating the blockributes. Kriging is a type of geostatistical methods and is known as the best linearbiased estimator[12]. In recent times, in order to handle uncertainty in evaluationplied geostatistical simulation methods like sequential Gaussian simulation,ulated annealing[13,14]. At the stage of grade estimation, assuming that theperties distribution is uniform and equal within the whole block.a b

模型图,模型

The block dimensions are defined such that the block model represents orebeometry and characteristics precisely. The block dimensions are determiepending on the geological deposits & formations of the ore body, exploraoreholes, grade fluctuation of ore and the dimensions of the machinery. For mpecification, the tendency is to choose small dimensions for the blocks in the bodeling. However, it is known, decreasing of the block dimensions result inariance of estimation of that block enhances[17]. In addition to this rise in eumulative of estimation, the time which consumes for mine design & planning rade evaluation will rise rapidly as the dimensions of blocks are diminishing. Aependable guideline, the smallest volume of a block must not be less of 25% ofistance between exploration boreholes[18]. also, another defect of the blocks was small dimensions is dilution. The dilution has taken place because of the blendaste with ore in blasting and loading operation and then sent to the stockpile olant. The dilution affecting by excavator's and loader's bucket size; the sizeFig. 1-2 A block model showed thousands of blocks (Hustrulid & Kuchta 1995)图 1-2 显示几千块的块模型(Hustrulid & Kuchta 1995)

示意图,露天矿,示意图

Fig. 1-4 A section view of final pit limit, (Ramazan,2001)图 1-4 露天矿终了示意图 Cut-off graden general, the cut-off grade is specified as smallest quantity of profitaial that should be in one unit (e.g. one ton) of material before this matorted to the processing unit[26]. Actually, the cut-off grade is a scentiate between the ore and the waste in the certain deposit. In a straightfminor cut-off grade meaning is the cost of processing is precisely equivacome gain by the recovered commodity. Consequently, the minor cut-ofputed as the grade g at which the net cost of processing is equivalent to it when the material is handled as waste. many cut-off grades may detding to consideration of which constraint (e.g., mining limit, processing required)[29]. indeed, the cut-off grade does not just depend on the meta market and money expenses of mining, processing, and refining, besidesepends on the limits of these stages and grade-tonnage circulation of the

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