微地震定位及结构成像研究

发布时间：2021-07-12 06:08

　　微地震监测在煤田,储层压裂以及油藏驱动监测等领域扮演着重要角色。其中,微地震监测是地下水力压裂裂缝成像的关键技术。在水力压裂改造储层过程中,通过微地震监测裂缝分布或岩石属性变化,有利于现场工程师有效地评估水力压裂的效力并进行下一次压裂工程等等。目前评估压裂储层体积主要有三种途径:第一种,通过微地震的位置和震源机制来描绘裂缝发育的形态和体积;第二种,直接对产生储层改造区域内的裂缝或断层进行成像;第三种,直接反演储层改造区域内的岩石地质力学参数（例如速度比或泊松比）的变化。因此,我们主要对目前存在于这三种途径中的主流方法进行分析和改进。在第一种途径中,我们主要是解决地表和井中监测定位方法存在的一些问题。地表和井中监测是目前两种常用的监测手段。在地表监测中,由于接收到的地震信号弱的原因,通常利用绕射扫描叠加的方法来确定地震事件的位置。在绕射扫描叠加算法中,常规的线性叠加条件不能消除极性反转以及压制噪音所导致的定位误差。因此,我们提出了两种基于相关的叠加条件用于解决极性反转及缓解低信噪比的影响:第一个是互相关叠加条件,在叠加过程中,我们先得到相邻记录上的能量积,然后再将这些能量积们相加得到时空... 

【文章来源】：中国科学技术大学安徽省 211工程院校 985工程院校

【文章页数】：148 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Problems
    1.2 Contributions
    1.3 Outline
CHAPTER 2 AUTOMATIC MICROSEISMIC STACKING LOCATION WITH AMULTI-CROSS-CORRELATION IMAGING CONDITION
    2.2 Introduction
    2.3 Methods
    2.4 Synthetic examples
    2.5 Field data examples
    2.6 Discussions and conclusions
CHAPTER 3 VERTICAL SLOWNESS CONSTRAINED JOINT VTI PARAMETERS AND EVENTLOCATIONS INVERSION FOR MICROSEISMIC MONITORING
    3.2 Introduction
    3.3 Theory
        3.3.1 Traveltime inversion method (TM)
        3.3.2 Vertical slowness constrained traveltime inversion method (VTM)
    3.4 Synthetic examples
    3.5 Field data example
    3.6 Conclusions
CHAPTER 4 MICROSEISMIC REVERSE TIME MIGRATION WITH AMULTI-CROSS-CORRELATION STAINING ALGORITHM FOR FRACTUREIMAGING
    4.2 Introduction
    4.3 Stained wavefield and stained data
    4.4 Multi-cross-correlation imaging condition
    4.5 Synthetic examples
    4.6 Conclusions
CHAPTER 5 ABSOLUTE,DOUBLE-DIFFERENCE,AND CROSS DOUBLE-DIFFERENCETOMOGRAPHY FOR MICROSEISMIC EVENT LOCATION AND 3D POISSON'SRATIO MODEL
    5.2 Introduction
    5.3 Theory
    5.4 Tomography for 3D Vp and Poisson's ratio models
    5.5 Tomography for event locations, 3D Vp and Poisson's ratio models
    5.6 Discussions
    5.7 Conclusions
CHAPTER 6 JOINT EVENT LOCATION AND 3D POISSON'S RATIO TOMOGRAPHY FORMICROSEISMIC MONITORING
    6.2 Introduction
    6.3 Theory
    6.4 Synthetic example
    6.5 Field example
    6.6 Discussions and conclusions
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SUGGESTIONS
APPENDIX A: sensitivity kernels for event parameters
APPENDIX B: sensitivity kernels for Thomsen's parameters
APPENDIX C: sensitivity kernels for velocity and Poisson's ratio
APPENDIX D:double-difference passive seismic tomography
APPENDIX E: cross double-difference passive seismic tomography
APPENDIX F: comparison of double-difference and cross double-difference passiveseismic tomography
REFERENCES
PUBLICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS(致谢)


【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Velocity Modeling and Inversion Techniques for Locating Microseismic Events in Unconventional Reservoirs[J]. Jianzhong Zhang,Han Liu,Zhihui Zou,Zhonglai Huang.  Journal of Earth Science. 2015(04)
[2]微地震定位的加权弹性波干涉成像法（英文）[J]. 李磊,陈浩,王秀明.  Applied Geophysics. 2015(02)
[3]相对保幅的角度域VSP逆时偏移（英文）[J]. 孙文博,孙赞东,朱兴卉.  Applied Geophysics. 2011(02)



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