亚洲和太平洋地区的煤炭贸易研究
发布时间：2022-08-10 20:59
煤炭是即石油之后的重要能要能源,主要用于工业发电及供热。根据国际能源机构统计,煤电占世界总发电量的30%。亚太地区的主要煤炭生产国有:澳大利亚、中国、印尼、菲律宾、越南、印度和俄罗斯。主要煤炭消费国有:中国、日本、印度、台湾和韩国。一些国家自产煤炭同时进口煤炭;例如:中国和印度。亚太地区的主要供应商有澳大利亚、印尼和南非,而中国、印度和日本则是最大的消费国。目前,最大的煤炭出口国仍然是澳大利亚和印尼;他们具有地理优势,便于进入亚洲市场。每个国家的政府都在尽力消除限制其生产能力的壁垒,开发新的煤矿同时建设新的铁路和公路网络等运输基础设施方面进行大量投资。对于俄罗斯和南非等处于大西洋供应商来说,运输仍是进入亚洲市场的一个壁垒。亚洲供应商充分利用自身的地理优势,与此同时,亚洲煤炭消费国正在尝试寻找新的供应商,如北朝鲜和蒙古。任何市场的市场结构都可以通过数学建模或者仅仅观察参与者的行为来进行调查。采用后者,亚太市场是一个不完美市场,因为少部分成员占有大量的市场份额,主要包括:需求侧中国以及供给侧的印尼和澳大利亚。中国是全球最大的进口国,但仍无法决定市场价格。另一方面,澳大利亚和印尼也没能成为垄...
【文章页数】：106 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
Acknowledgment
Abstract
扩展摘要
1 Introduction
1.1 General Background
1.2 Energy and Trade
1.2.1 The need for energy trade in Asia
1.2.2 Coal trade
1.3 Coal export trends for 2014-2015
1.3.1 Major players in the supply side of coal trade
1.4 Trend of World Coal import
1.4.1 Which countries import the most coal?
1.5 World?s Coal trade flows
1.5.1 The future of Coal demand
1.5.2 The future of Coal Production
1.6 Trade market for steam coal
1.7 Objective of this study
1.7.1 Specific objectives
1.8 Significance of the study
1.9 Contribution of the study
1.10 Chapter summary
2. Coal in the Asia-Pacific Market
2.1 A note on the structure of this Market
2.2 How important is Coal energy to Asian countries?
2.3 Trends of Coal Sector in each country under study
2.3.1 Coal sector in South Africa
2.3.2 Australia
2.3.3 China
2.3.4 Indonesia
2.3.5 Russia
2.3.6 Philippines
2.3.7 Vietnam and its Coal resources
2.4 Transport Cost
2.5 Chapter summary
3 Literature Review
3.1 The increasing role of coal in the power sector
3.2 Development of Equilibrium models
3.3 State of the literature
3.4 Chapter summary
4 Research Methodology
4.1 The Model for Coal
4.1.1 Coal Market Model for Asia and the Pacific
4.2 Spatial Equilibrium Models (SEM)
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Formulation of SEM?s
4.2.3 Mathematical Formulation of the Optimization Model
4.3 Influence of economic size on the volume of Coal trade
4.3.1 How geographical dispersion determines Coal Trade Flow in the region
4.4 Data and sources of data
4.5 Scope of study
4.6 Data analysis
4.7 Work flow
4.8 Organization of the thesis
4.9 Work Flow Chart
5 Findings and Discussions
5.1 Supply Curves
5.2 Demand Curves
5.3 Constant Terms
5.4 Summary Results for Least Square Estimations (OLS)
5.5 Optimization Results
5.5.1 Optimal Export quantities (from supply region)
5.5.2 Optimal Import quantities (demand region)
5.6 Equilibrium levels of trade/Optimal coal trade flows
5.6.1 Representation of Optimal Coal trade flows
5.6.2 Comparing Optimal Trade with the Actual Trade Flow
5.6.3 Explaining the difference between Actual trade and Optimal Trade
5.7 Influence of economic size and distance on volume of trade
5.8 Knowledge Gap for Future studies
5.9 Chapter summary
6 Conclusions
6.1 Recommendations
6.2 Limitations of the study
References
Author’s Resume
学位论文数据集
本文编号：3674349
【文章页数】：106 页
【学位级别】：硕士
【文章目录】：
Acknowledgment
Abstract
扩展摘要
1 Introduction
1.1 General Background
1.2 Energy and Trade
1.2.1 The need for energy trade in Asia
1.2.2 Coal trade
1.3 Coal export trends for 2014-2015
1.3.1 Major players in the supply side of coal trade
1.4 Trend of World Coal import
1.4.1 Which countries import the most coal?
1.5 World?s Coal trade flows
1.5.1 The future of Coal demand
1.5.2 The future of Coal Production
1.6 Trade market for steam coal
1.7 Objective of this study
1.7.1 Specific objectives
1.8 Significance of the study
1.9 Contribution of the study
1.10 Chapter summary
2. Coal in the Asia-Pacific Market
2.1 A note on the structure of this Market
2.2 How important is Coal energy to Asian countries?
2.3 Trends of Coal Sector in each country under study
2.3.1 Coal sector in South Africa
2.3.2 Australia
2.3.3 China
2.3.4 Indonesia
2.3.5 Russia
2.3.6 Philippines
2.3.7 Vietnam and its Coal resources
2.4 Transport Cost
2.5 Chapter summary
3 Literature Review
3.1 The increasing role of coal in the power sector
3.2 Development of Equilibrium models
3.3 State of the literature
3.4 Chapter summary
4 Research Methodology
4.1 The Model for Coal
4.1.1 Coal Market Model for Asia and the Pacific
4.2 Spatial Equilibrium Models (SEM)
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Formulation of SEM?s
4.2.3 Mathematical Formulation of the Optimization Model
4.3 Influence of economic size on the volume of Coal trade
4.3.1 How geographical dispersion determines Coal Trade Flow in the region
4.4 Data and sources of data
4.5 Scope of study
4.6 Data analysis
4.7 Work flow
4.8 Organization of the thesis
4.9 Work Flow Chart
5 Findings and Discussions
5.1 Supply Curves
5.2 Demand Curves
5.3 Constant Terms
5.4 Summary Results for Least Square Estimations (OLS)
5.5 Optimization Results
5.5.1 Optimal Export quantities (from supply region)
5.5.2 Optimal Import quantities (demand region)
5.6 Equilibrium levels of trade/Optimal coal trade flows
5.6.1 Representation of Optimal Coal trade flows
5.6.2 Comparing Optimal Trade with the Actual Trade Flow
5.6.3 Explaining the difference between Actual trade and Optimal Trade
5.7 Influence of economic size and distance on volume of trade
5.8 Knowledge Gap for Future studies
5.9 Chapter summary
6 Conclusions
6.1 Recommendations
6.2 Limitations of the study
References
Author’s Resume
学位论文数据集
本文编号：3674349
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