湘南地区瑶族传统民居群落研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 02:01

本文关键词：湘南地区瑶族传统民居群落研究　出处：《中南林业科技大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：湘南地区的永州江华是全国瑶族人口最多、面积最大的瑶族自治县,被誉为“神州第一瑶城”。但与社会文化进步不相适应的是,一些瑶族传统民居年久失修,人为破坏严重。以湘南地区瑶族民居为研究对象,经过实地考察,从影响湘南地区瑶族民居群落的自然、社会诸因素入手,对聚落的布局、公共建筑的特色、单体民居的形制平面布局、空间、装饰等进行研究,并提出了民居的传承与保护、合理有效开发等方面的建议。研究发现,民居聚落的布局主要是依河而建或依路而建,聚落在交通要道及防御之地；群落中的公共建筑主要分宗教建筑,防御建筑,姓氏门楼,祠堂和其他建筑。公共建筑是沟通各家族以及整个村落的重要元素,是宗教信仰和社会习俗活动的载体,同时还对聚落的布局和景观有着深远的影响。单体瑶族民居建筑呈现出多种多样的风格,体现出多文化融合的特征,主要特征包括：建筑结构是以木构架为结构主体,即抬梁式木构架砖砌山墙、坡顶瓦面；平面主要特征为前堂后寝,中轴对称,内部天井,规整严谨,总体布局结合地形变化,前低后高,一般坐北朝南,与周围自然环境融为一体,非常自然协调；外观主要特征为青墙灰瓦,稳重朴实,风火山墙,轻盈灵动。民居的装饰艺术形式主要是木雕、石雕、灰塑和彩绘；装饰部位主要在木构架、门、门簪、门槛、披水、柱础上；装饰题材主要分为动物类、植物类、图案和吉祥符号。湘南地区瑶族民居建筑的艺术特征传承了我国传统建筑艺术的精髓,又具有自己独有的地域特征,具有极高的艺术价值、独特的文化历史价值和建筑创作价值,建议： ①采取有效手段对诸如保持建筑本身的传统布局、风貌和特色等具有民族文化特色的载体进行传承、保护。不仅要保护建筑本身,还应保护建筑所在区域的自然环境与人文环境,营造良好的古村风貌与环境。并加强经济建设,保持湘南瑶族民居的活力,实现瑶族民居的可持续发展。 ②政府应进行科学规划,做好配套基础设施,进行合理有效的开发。
[Abstract]:Yongzhou Jiang Hua in southern Hunan is the Yao autonomous county with the largest population and the largest area in the country. It is praised as "the first Yao city of Shenzhou". However, some Yao traditional dwellings have been in disrepair for a long time, which is incompatible with the social and cultural progress. Man-made damage is serious. Taking the Yao folk houses in the south of Hunan as the research object, through the field investigation, starting with the natural and social factors that affect the community of Yao folk houses in the south of Hunan, the layout of the settlement and the characteristics of the public buildings are discussed. The shape layout, space and decoration of single dwelling are studied, and some suggestions on inheritance and protection, reasonable and effective development are put forward. Residential settlement layout is mainly built according to the river or according to the road, settlement in the main traffic routes and defensive sites; The public buildings in the community are mainly divided into religious buildings, defensive buildings, surnames gatehouses, ancestral halls and other buildings. Public buildings are important elements to connect the families and the whole village. It is the carrier of religious belief and social custom, and also has a profound influence on the layout and landscape of the settlement. The individual Yao folk house architecture presents a variety of styles, reflecting the characteristics of multi-cultural integration. The main features include: the main structure of the building is the wooden frame, that is, lifting beam timber frame brick gable wall, roof tile surface; The main features of the plane are the front hall and the back bed, the central axis symmetry, the inner patio, the regular strict, the overall layout combines the topographic change, the front is low and the rear is high, generally sits north facing south, merges with the surrounding natural environment, very natural coordination; The main features of the appearance are green wall gray tile, steady and simple, wind and fire gable wall, light and smart. The decorative art forms of folk houses are mainly wood carving, stone carving, gray plastic and painted; Decorative position is mainly in wood frame, door, door hairpin, doorsill, drape water, column foundation; Decorative themes are mainly divided into animals, plants, patterns and auspicious symbols. The artistic characteristics of Yao folk houses in southern Hunan have inherited the essence of Chinese traditional architectural art, and have their own unique regional characteristics, which has a very high artistic value. Unique cultural and historical value and architectural value. Adopt effective means to carry on the inheritance and protection of the carriers with national cultural characteristics, such as maintaining the traditional layout, style and characteristics of the architecture itself, not only to protect the architecture itself. We should also protect the natural and humanistic environment of the area where the building is located, create a good style and environment of the ancient village, strengthen economic construction, maintain the vitality of the Yao folk residence in southern Hunan, and realize the sustainable development of the Yao folk residence. The government should carry out scientific planning, complete supporting infrastructure, and carry out reasonable and effective development.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU253;TU-86

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