我国国家地质公园空间分布与结构优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 09:24

本文关键词：我国国家地质公园空间分布与结构优化研究　出处：《中国地质大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国家地质公同建设是近十儿年来受学界、社会普遍关注的热点问题。截止2011年底,我国分六批次共申报了219处国家地质公园以及27处世界地质公园,在地质遗迹保护和地质公园建设上走在了世界的前列。国家地质公园的空间分布对地方的社会经济发展、自身地质公园体系建设以及整体的市场效应有重要的影响。本文以这219处国家地质公园为研究对象,梳理了我国地质公园的发展历程、发展阶段,通过多种定量方法分析了我国国家地质公园的空间分布类型、密度、结构、特征和形成演化规律,进而从主客观两方面的多个因素分别探讨了影响我国国家地质公园空间分布的因素,并阐明了国家地质公园存在着区域分布上的不均衡、地质遗迹类型分布上的不均衡以及不同地质公园旅游冷热程度不均衡的空间结构问题和矛盾,依此从区域协同发展、地质遗迹类型多样、可持续发展、网络营销平台构建等四个方面提出了空间结构优化的路径,以期为整合地质遗迹资源、合理布局未来的国家地质公园和地质公园整个体系的健康、有序、可持续发展提供参考。论文的主要工作和取得的主要结论如下： (1)运用不平衡指数S和基尼系数来衡量国家地质公园在省级行政区域上的分布均衡性,统计分析得出不平衡指数S=0.327(越接近于1越集中),表明国家地质公园在全国32个省区分布较不均衡,仅川、豫、闽、皖等10个省区的国家地质公园数量就达到了51.6%；基尼系数计算结果为0.86,分布均匀度为0.14,表明我国国家地质公园在八大地理区域中,呈高度集中分布状态,且分布的均匀度很低,西南地区、黄河中游、长江中游等中部地区集中了54.8%的国家地质公园数量。因此,在未来的国家地质公园建设中要注重东部沿海、东南沿海等地区的挖掘,注重区域的协调。 (2)通过国家基础地理数据,采用北京1954坐标投影系统,采用人工数字化的方法在ArcGis9.3上构建国家地质公园点状目标分布图,进而用最邻近指数和Voronoi图方法来测度其空间分布类型。最邻近点指数R值为0.97,表明我国国家地质公园在空间上仍属于凝聚型分布状态。Voronoi图多边形测算的CV值为0.78,落在64%的CV区间,为集聚型分布,进一步印证了结果的可靠性。 (3)通过点状目标的空间密度分析和Voronoi图的三步迭代聚类思想,来衡量国家地质公园的空间分布形态。密度分析结果表明：国家地质公司的平均分布密度为0.23个/万km2,分布高密度地区主要是山西、河南、河北交界地区和北京、天津、河北北部的交接地带,省级行政区上的数量分布不均衡。综合Voronoi图的三步迭代结果,国家地质公园的空间结构形态有着新的表现形式：带状凝聚下的局部高密度聚集核区(7条聚集带和8个高密度聚集核区)。 (4)历经十多年的发展,国家地质公园在时序上的演化特征为：有序性、边缘性和“先递增后衰减”的出行时间、距离分布态势；在地质遗迹类型上的演化特征为：类型上的不均衡,主要体现在大类上的不均衡(以地貌景观类为主,构造、地层、灾害类等较少)、小类上的不均衡(以岩溶地貌类、丹霞地貌类、花岗岩地貌类、火山类为大多数,海岸类、风成黄土类较少)。因此未来的国家地质公园建设在保持同质特色时,更要注意异质多样类型的拓展,比如构造、地层、海岸等地貌的拓展。 (5)国家地质公园的空间分布结构主要受区域地质构造背景的控制和影响；与区域经济发展水平之间没有显著的耦合关系和控制作用,相关性较弱或者不相关(相关性系数0.194),但是区域经济发展水平对地质公园建设具有重要的导向作用,主要体现在地质公园的建设引领和世界级地质公园的品牌塑造上等方面；国家地质公园的空间分布与城市等级有一定的负相关关系,主要分布在中小城市；其空间分布与地级(省会)城市的道路距离和出行时间呈现“先递增后衰减”的态势；国家地质公园的空间分布还受其他外部环境与人为因素影响,如区域的地质遗迹普查差异以及政府的积极性差异。因此,未来的国家地质公园在注重地质背景的基础控制作用下,要深切考虑社会经济发展水平的引导作用(品牌建设),引入市场竞争机制、注重市场宣传推广、改善公园的道路环境、提高公园的可进入性。 (6)针对国家地质公园的空间分布存在区域不平衡、遗迹类型不均衡、不同地质公园旅游的冷热程度不均衡、黄金周期间的旅游爆棚等问题,提出了四条路径的优化方式：是区域协同发展；二是地质遗迹类型多样化,重点可以通过拓展类型少、回避竞争大的、整合世界级的三种模式来进行；三是,可持续发展的优化路径,包括申报制度、政策、理念等的建议；四是,地质公园网络营销平台的构建,通过网上提前订票和电子票服务等服务,建立景区客流的预约、预警机制,可有效分流保障旅游质量和地质公园的生态安全。
[Abstract]:The national geological public construction is nearly ten years by academic circles, a hot issue of common concern. By the end of 2011, China's six batches reported a total of 219 national geological parks and 27 World Geological Park, at the forefront of the world in the protection of geological relics and geological park construction.
The distribution of local economic and social development of the national geological park space, has an important influence on geological park system construction as well as the overall market effect. This paper based on the 219 National Geological Park as the research object, course of development, China's geological park has combed the development stage, the distribution type, the National Geological Park in China's space density the structure, through the analysis of various quantitative methods, characteristics and formation and evolution, and a number of factors from the subjective and objective two aspects respectively discussed the influence factors of the distribution of the National Geological Park in China, and expounds the National Geological Park has the unbalanced distribution of space structure, problems and contradictions of geological relics distribution the unbalanced and different geological park tourism hot degree is not balanced, and from regional coordinated development, various types of geological relics, sustainable development, network marketing Four aspects of platform construction, such as platform construction, are put forward to optimize the path of spatial structure, so as to provide references for the integration of geological heritage resources and the rational layout of the future national geopark and the whole system of geoparks.
The main work of this paper and the main conclusions are as follows:
(1) the balanced distribution by using unbalanced index S and Gene coefficient to measure the National Geological Park in the provincial administrative region, statistical analysis of unbalanced index S=0.327 (more close to 1 more concentrated), shows that the National Geological Park in 32 provinces distribution is not balanced, only Sichuan, Henan, Fujian, the number of the National Geological Park Anhui 10 provinces reached 51.6%; the Gene coefficient calculation results is 0.86, the distribution evenness is 0.14, indicates that China's National Geological Park in eight geographical region, a highly centralized distribution, and the distribution uniformity is very low, the southwest, the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the central region of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The number of National Geological Park 54.8%. Therefore, in the future of the national geological park construction should pay attention to the eastern coastal mining, southeast coastal areas, focusing on regional coordination.
(2) the national basic geographic data, the Beijing 1954 coordinate system, the construction of National Geological Park point target distribution map in ArcGis9.3 by using the method of artificial digital, and then use the nearest neighbor index and Voronoi method to measure the type of spatial distribution. The nearest neighbor index R = 0.97, shows that China's national geological park still belongs to the condensation distribution diagram of.Voronoi polygon estimates of the value of CV was 0.78 in space, the 64% fall in the range of CV, for gathering distribution, further verify the reliability of the results.
(3) through the three step iterative clustering space density analysis and Voronoi diagram of point objects, to measure the spatial distribution pattern of the National Geological Park. The analysis results show that the average density distribution of National Geological Company of 0.23 / million km2, the distribution of high density area is mainly in Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and Beijing border area Tianjin, Hebei, north of the transition zone, the number of provincial administrative region distribution is not balanced. Three step iteration results of Voronoi diagram, spatial structure of national geological park has a new form: zonal aggregation, local high density aggregation nuclear area under Article 7 (accumulation zone and 8 high density aggregation nuclear area).
(4) after more than 10 years of development and evolution of the National Geological Park in time for ordering, and "marginal increase first and then decay" travel time, distance distribution trend; evolution in the geological relics on the type: type of imbalance, mainly reflected in the broad categories of imbalance (with landscape type, tectonic, strata, disasters such as less), small class imbalance (by karst landform, Danxia landform, granite landform, volcano is most, coast, eolian loess less). So the future of the national geological park construction in the same style and more attention should be paid to expand, heterogeneity types such as tectonic, strata, expand coastal geomorphology.
(5) the national geological park space distribution structure is mainly controlled and affected by regional tectonic background; no significant control effect and coupling relationship between economic development and regional level, the correlation is weak or irrelevant (correlation coefficient 0.194), but the level of regional economic development has an important guiding role to the geological park construction, mainly in leading the geological park construction and World Geological Park branding aspects; there was a negative correlation between the spatial distribution of National Geological Park and city level, mainly distributed in the small city; the spatial distribution and regional (capital) city road distance and travel time appear "to increase first and then decay" the National Geological Park; spatial distribution is also affected by other external environment and human factors, such as geological survey of regional differences and the product of the government Polar differences. Therefore, the future of the National Geological Park Based on paying attention to the geological background of control, to deeply consider the guiding role of the social and economic development level (brand), the introduction of market competition mechanism, pay attention to market promotion, improve the park road environment, improve the park accessibility.
(6) according to the distribution of the national geological park space are regional imbalance, remains unbalanced, hot and cold degree of different geological park tourism is not balanced, the Golden Week tourism boom, the paper put forward four optimizing paths: regional coordinated development; two is the geological heritage of diverse types, key can be developed type less, avoid competition, three integration modes of world class; three, the optimization path of sustainable development, including reporting system, policy, idea of recommendations; four, the network marketing platform construction camp Geological Park, through the online booking in advance and electronic ticket service, establishes the passenger the appointment, early warning mechanism, ecological security can effectively shunt security tourism quality and geological park.

【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU986

【参考文献】