海口地区高尔夫园林景观综合分析与评价

发布时间：2018-01-21 01:07

本文关键词： 海南高尔夫旅游生物多样性景观结构造景艺术手法美景度　出处：《海南大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海南位于热带北缘,是我国不可多得的热带岛屿,其独特的气候条件和自然环境使之成为国内外盛名的旅游度假胜地。随着海南国际旅游岛的兴建,高尔夫产业得到了快速的发展。事实证明,高尔夫产业已经成为海南旅游产业的有机组成部分。它以特色旅游为先导,依托高尔夫运动的媒介优势,在推动区域经济发展、社会文化进步和生态环境改善等方面发挥了重要的作用。海口市不仅是海南省的省会与旅游重地,也是海南高尔夫旅游的发源地。它在海南高尔夫产业发展历程中,不仅发展最早、球场数量最多。此外更为重要的是,海口地区拥有对高尔夫园林造景具有独意义的火山岩植被景观。因此研究海口地区高尔夫园林景观对于整个海南乃至热带地区高尔夫园林景观的建设与发展都具有重要意义。本研究以海南国际旅游岛建设及海南高尔夫发展的巨大潜力为背景,从高尔夫球场建设与发展的学术和理论研究出发,综合相关学科理论,按照年代排序选择了3个具有代表性的高尔夫球场(三公里国际、月亮湾和东山高尔夫)进行研究。首先,通过实地观测取样及文献资料收集,对高尔夫球场建设与规划中的生物群落、景观格局、造景手法、美景度等内在因素进行分析,建立数字模型分析其内在关系,然后再通过层次分析法、专家咨询法和模糊数学法相结合的综合方法对其内在质量进行综合评价。通过分析研究,取得了一些新的认识和结论,主要包括： (1)生物多样性评价高尔夫球场物种多样性高低呈现时间规律,建设时期越晚的球场越注重物种的丰富程度,但整体物种丰富度仍远低于城市绿化一般标准。各球场群落类型最高为7种,群落结构简单,灌木层和草本层中少数植被占统治地位,灌木以马缨丹为主,草本以蟛蜞菊为主。各高尔夫球场植物种植人工化严重,其中三公里国际高尔夫中灌木人工化最严重(75%),月亮湾高尔夫中乔木人工化最严重(95.83%),东山高尔夫中乔木和灌木人工化最严重,分别占46.88%和43.75%。 (2)园林造景手法评价 3个高尔夫球场植物造景基本符合高尔夫园林造景艺术原则。三公里国际高尔夫更加注重造景手法的多样性,主要通过地形和山石来造景。月亮湾高尔夫主要通过植物的群植、丛植等种植方式强调小尺度空间的景观效果；东山高尔夫主要通过植物的列植和孤植的种植方式强调大空间的尺度感。各高尔夫球场在造景方式运用上多强调视觉感受,但在景观内涵和韵味方面并不突出,在植物选择和搭配细节上也缺乏文化性和区域特色。 (3)美景度评价美景度评价数据稳定性与球场景观元素复杂程度有关；景观元素越复杂,评价结果稳定性越低。其次,相同的评价标准下,不同认知水平的人群差异不显著,基本符合认知水平越高、评价得分越低的规律。最后,各功能区景观评价数据之间没有明显差异,评价数据浮动主要受到照片内在景观元素种类和复杂程度影响。其规律体现在含有景观元素种类最多的照片评分最高,其中含植物元素的照片评分最高,其次为草坪、地形、水体、山石。 (4)景观结构评价 3个球场斑块类型和特征符合高尔夫球场布局的一般规律。草坪占据统治地位,是景观的控制斑块。人工林和次生林斑块特征随草坪斑块而变动。原生林为原场地植物保留区域,各球场原生林斑块位置和面积大小均不相同。三公里国际高尔夫中原生林保留面积较完整,分布在球场内部和外缘。月亮湾高尔夫中原生林大量保留,但斑块单一,平均面积小,分散在球场内部。东山高尔夫中原生林面积和数量较较少,主要存于球场外缘区域。各球场空间布局呈现明显的时间规律,随着球场建设时间推移,其景观结构多样化和结构稳定性也随着提高。各球场景观结构侧重点各不相同,其中三公里国际高尔夫较注重娱乐性和观赏性的协调结合,由于建设时间较晚,其主要造景植物多为新近移植和栽植,在景观材质上有所欠缺。月亮湾高尔夫较注重观赏性,但其景观整体一致性上较差。东山高尔夫较注重整体景观,但其景观元素较少,景观较单调。 (5)综合评价通过综合评价方法,建立了高尔夫园林景观与4个影响因素(生物多样性、景观结构、造景手法、美景度)的综合评价体系。因素权重计算表明,各因素影响权重依次为：生物多样性(0.4995)景观结构(0.2885)造景艺术手法(0.1465)美景度(0.0655),其中生物多样性的指标权重最大,接近总权重的50%。因子层得分表明三个球场各具特色,三公里国际高尔夫在各项指标上都比较优秀；月亮湾高尔夫美景度评价较高,但景观结构评分较低；东山高尔夫美景度评价较低,但景观结构评分较高。综合评价结果表明三个球场景观效果评价皆为良以上,其大小排序为：三公里国际高尔夫月亮湾高尔夫东山高尔夫。
[Abstract]:Hainan is located in the tropics, is China's rare tropical island, its unique climatic conditions and natural environment to become the domestic and foreign famous tourist resort. With the Hainan international tourism island construction, golf industry has got fast development. In fact, the golf industry has become an integral part of the tourism industry in Hainan. It takes tourism as the guide, relying on golf media advantages, promoting regional economic development, has played an important role in the progress of social culture and ecological environment improvement.
Haikou city is not only the capital of Hainan province and tourist area, Hainan is also the birthplace of golf tourism. It is in the course of development of the golf industry in Hainan, not only the development of the earliest, the largest number of courses. In addition, more importantly, the Haikou area has the volcano rock vegetation landscape has unique significance to golf garden design so on. Is of great significance to the construction and development of the golf landscape in Haikou for the whole of Hainan and the tropics Golf landscape.
In the context of the enormous potential of the construction of Hainan international tourism island and Hainan golf development, starting from the academic and theoretical research on the construction and development of the golf course, the comprehensive related theories, according to the time sequence selected 3 representative Golf Course (three km international, Moon Bay and Dongshan Golf) were studied. First of all, through field observation and sampling and literature collection, the biological community, the golf course construction and planning of the landscape pattern, landscape, inner beauty and other factors analysis, the establishment of digital model to analyze their internal relations, and then through the AHP method, the comprehensive method combining Delphi method and fuzzy mathematics method synthetically the evaluation of its internal quality. Through the analysis, obtained some new conclusions, including:
(1) evaluation of biodiversity
The golf course level of species diversity in present time rules and construction period of the late course pay more attention to the richness of species, but the overall species richness is still far below the city greening in general. The stadium was the highest of 7 kinds of community types, community structure simple, shrub layer and herb layer in a vegetation dominated by shrub Lantana Dan, herb to Wedelia chinensis. The golf course plant plantation seriously, of which three km International Golf in the most serious artificial shrub (75%), Moon Bay Golf in the most serious artificial trees (95.83%), Dongshan Golf in artificial trees and shrubs of the most serious, accounting for 46.88% and 43.75%.
(2) evaluation of landscape gardening manipulation
3 Golf Course Golf landscape plant landscape basically conforms to the artistic principle. Three km International Golf pay more attention to the diversity of landscaping, landscaping to mainly through the terrain and the mountains of stone. The Moon Bay Golf plants mainly through mass planting, clump planting and landscape effect planting emphasis on small scale space; Dongshan Golf mainly emphasized by plants column planting and planting isolated planting large space scale. The golf course in the way of making use of more emphasis on visual perception, but not prominent in the landscape connotation and charm, in plant selection and collocation of details are lack of cultural and regional characteristics.
(3) beauty evaluation
Beauty evaluation data stability and landscape elements related to the complexity of landscape elements; more complex, the lower the stability evaluation results. Secondly, the same evaluation standard, different levels of cognitive different groups is not significant, consistent with the cognitive level is higher, the lower the score evaluation rule. Finally, there is no significant difference between the various functional areas landscape evaluation data, mainly by the photo inner landscape elements type and complexity of the floating data. The rules embodied in the evaluation of landscape elements containing a picture with most types of score was the highest, which contains elements of plant pictures score was the highest, followed by the lawn, terrain, water, rocks.
(4) landscape structure evaluation
3 course plaque types and characteristics consistent with the general rules of golf course layout. Turf dominated and control landscape. The artificial forest and secondary forest patch characteristics vary with the lawn patches. Primary forest site plant original reserved area, the original forest patch position and pitch size are not the same. Three km international the Central Plains forest Golf retention area is more complete, the distribution in the course of internal and outer edge. The Central Plains forest reserve a large number of Moon Bay Golf, but single plaque, average area of small, scattered in the interior court. Central Plains forest area of Dongshan Golf and the number is less, the main stadium in outer area.
The court space layout presentation time were studied, with the stadium construction time, the variety and structure of landscape structure stability are also increased. The landscape structure is dissimilar, including three km of international golf more emphasis on entertainment and enjoyment of the coordination with, due to the construction of late, the main landscape plants for newly transplanted and cultivated, lacking in landscape material. The Moon Bay Golf pay more attention to watch, but the overall landscape consistency is poor. Pay more attention to the overall landscape of Dongshan Golf, but landscape elements less, landscape is relatively monotonous.
(5) comprehensive evaluation
Through the comprehensive evaluation method, establish the golf landscape and the 4 factors (biodiversity, landscape structure, landscape, beauty) comprehensive evaluation system. The factor weight calculation shows that the factors affecting the weight is as follows: the biodiversity of landscape structure (0.4995) (0.2885) (0.1465) the beauty of landscape art techniques degree (0.0655), in which the index weights of biodiversity, 50%. factor scores close to the total weight of the layer shows that three courses have their own characteristics, three km International Golf in each index is excellent; the Moon Bay Golf beauty evaluation is higher, but lower scores on the landscape structure; low Dongshan Golf beauty evaluation. But the landscape structure score was higher. The comprehensive evaluation results show that the evaluation of three landscape effect is good, the order of three km Moon Bay International Golf Golf Golf Dongshan.

【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU986;S688

【参考文献】