国内典型传统民居外围护结构的气候适应性研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 10:04

本文关键词： 传统民居气候区划气候适应性被动式设计策略围护结构热工性能屋面坡度屋面挑檐深度　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为地方民间建筑的代表，传统民居是建立在农耕生产方式之上通过不断的“试错、改良”方式逐渐积淀起来的产物，是在有限的物质财富和资源条件下，，采用简便实用的建造技术，结合当地的自然气候和文化习俗，建造出来的实用、高效并易于维护的建筑。传统民居与生俱来的气候适应性特色是其精髓所在，也是现代生态建筑设计最值得借鉴的部分。本文针对传统民居内部所蕴藏的世代相传的宝贵经验，通过现代科学理论及技术措施加以分析、解释、提炼，并运用现代研究手段揭示其深层次的科学内涵。围绕国内外不同气候区典型传统民居外围护结构的气候适应性特点展开系统的理论研究和数据分析，重点从外墙及屋面的热性能、屋面挑檐深度、屋面坡度等几个方面，全面而深入地挖掘传统民居外围护结构气候适应性的内在机理，并将其上升到系统的理论层面。取得了以下一些主要成果： 1）纵观国外传统民居，在形式追随气候的过程中，各气候区典型传统民居外围护结构的基本形式、材料均呈现出明显的地区差别，自然天成地形成与当地气候相适应的风貌； 2）国内不同气候区划的传统民居，各种被动式策略性能发挥的有效性截然不同，在严寒或寒冷地区，材料蓄热性能作用最大；夏热冬暖地区，自然通风的有效性最高；而在夏热冬冷地区和温和地区，材料蓄热和自然通风分别在冬季和夏季发挥比较明显的被动式热舒适调节作用； 3）地处国内不同气候区的传统民居：碱土民居、满族民居、青海庄窠、新疆阿以旺民居、徽州民居、土掌房、傣家竹楼和贵州石板房，其外围护结构的热工特性均体现出了明显的与当地气候相适应的特点。这种鲜明的气候适应性特点是普通砖墙及钢筋混凝土屋面组成的现代砖房所无法比拟的； 4）作为传统民居外围护结构组成部分的屋檐，形式各异，出挑长度不一，但均体现出较为明显地与当地气候条件相适宜的特点。其中，东、西方向屋檐的出挑长度随纬度不同变化较大，而南向屋檐的出挑长度随纬度不同变化较小。 5）在诸气候因子（太阳辐射、气温、风速、降雨）中，降水是决定屋面坡度的主要因素，屋面坡度与降雨量成正比关系，当地降雨量越多、屋面坡度越大。同时，屋面材料也会对屋面坡度产生一定影响，地处同一地区的民居屋面，草屋面坡度大于石板屋面或瓦屋面坡度。
[Abstract]:As a representative of the local folk architecture and traditional dwellings is based on agricultural production through continuous trial and error, the product improved gradually accumulated, is in the material wealth and the limited resources conditions, using simple and practical construction technology, combined with the local climate and cultural practices, practical built, high efficiency and easy to maintain. The characteristics of the climate adaptability of traditional dwelling building is born with its essence, but also the modern ecological architecture design the most useful parts.
This paper contains valuable experience in traditional dwellings within generations, through modern scientific theories and technical measures to analyze, explain, refine, and use modern means of revealing the deep scientific connotation analysis. Based on the domestic and foreign typical traditional dwellings in different climate zone periphery structure of climate adaptability theory research and deployment system the data, mainly from the thermal performance of walls and roof, roof eaves roof slope depth, several aspects of the internal mechanism of comprehensive and in-depth mining of traditional dwelling outer envelope climate adaptability, and its rise to the theoretical level of the system has the following main results:
1) in the process of following the climate, the basic forms and materials of the typical traditional residential buildings in different climatic zones show obvious regional differences. They are naturally formed into the local climate.
2) different climate division of domestic traditional houses, the efficiency of various passive strategy performance is quite different from that in the cold or cold area, material storage performance effect; hot summer and warm winter area, natural ventilation effectiveness is highest; and in the hot summer and cold winter zone and temperate regions, heat storage material and natural ventilation in winter and summer respectively play a more obvious role of passive thermal comfort;
3) home is located in different climatic zones of traditional houses: alkaline earth houses, Manchu houses, Qinghai Zhuang Ke, Xinjiang Ayiwang residence, Huizhou residence, tuzhangfang, daijiazhulou and Guizhou stone buildings, the thermal characteristics of outer envelope appears obvious and adapt to the local climate characteristics of climate characteristics. This kind of brick is a modern adaptation of ordinary brick wall and reinforced concrete roof composed of incomparable;
4) as a traditional residence envelope part of eaves, forms, overhangs of varying length, but are more clearly reflects the characteristics of the local climate and conditions appropriate. Among them, the East, West to the roof overhangs length with different latitude changes greatly, and the South roof overhangs with different length variation of latitude small.
5) in various climatic factors (solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed, precipitation), precipitation is the main factor to determine the roof slope, roof slope is proportional to rainfall, local rainfall is more, the greater the slope roof roofing materials. At the same time, it will produce a certain effect to the roof slope, located in the same area residential roofing, grass roof slope greater than slate roofing or tile roof slope.

【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU241.5;TU111.4;TU119

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