绿色建筑并网型光伏发电系统设计

发布时间：2018-01-31 04:09

本文关键词： 绿色建筑光伏发电系统太阳能电池组件直流汇线箱并网逆变器　出处：《湖北工业大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为提高城市形象，各城市建筑使用景观照明浪费大量电网电能的现状；以及面对化石燃料的逐渐枯竭和人类生态环境的日益恶化，寻找新能源成为当前人类面临的迫切课题。绿色建筑应该鼓励在经济技术适宜的条件下，充分利用以太阳能为代表的可再生能源，减少电力系统的负担，是选写此篇论文的目的。在中国移动深圳信息大厦选用间接转换并网型(不带蓄电池储能)光伏发电系统的方式,由光伏发电与市电通过光伏逆变器同时向负载供电的系统。在晚上或阴雨天，光伏方阵发出的电力不足时，由电网通过光伏逆变器向负载供电；保证负载得到稳定的电力供应。该系统为大厦“自发自用”的光伏发电配电系统就近供给用电负荷,是本工程的设计要点。太阳能光伏建筑一体化BIPV（Building Integrated Photovoltaics），是应用太阳能发电的一种新概念，简单地讲就是将太阳能光伏发电阵列安装在建筑的维护结构外表面来提供电力。由于光伏阵列与建筑的结合不占用额外的地面空间，是光伏发电系统在城市中广泛应用的最佳安装方式，因而倍受关注[2]。光伏与建筑的结合形式一般有下列几种：一是光伏与墙面结合；二是光伏与屋顶结合；三是光伏与遮阳结合；四是光伏与围栏结合。本工程光伏阵列与建筑的结合主要采用光电幕墙的形式,是本工程的设计要点。在该大厦早期的光伏发电系统方案中也曾考虑过使用新型的镍氢电池组储能的并网方式供电。即采用“带电池储能、直接转换并网型光伏发电系统”。其特点是在负载侧不引起电力波动、保证负载得到稳定的电力供应，要采用带电池储能方案(一般用在农村、海岛上较合适)。但由于考虑满足3天阴雨天气情况下用电负荷连续供电的安装容量要求，镍氢电池的安装面积占用空间较大，且镍氢电池有一定的使用寿命，回收电池会污染环境，，不属环保产品，以及考虑初期建设投资和维护费用造价将会增加等因数。为建设绿色建筑，最终将光伏发电系统设计方案优化为目前“不带电池储能、间接转换并网型光伏发电系统”。既经济合理，又安全可靠，且维护管理方便；这也是本工程设计结论。本文介绍该大厦光伏发电系统主要电气设备的配置、系统的并网方式、系统的配电设计、防雷设计，以及光伏组件串并联个数的计算、并网逆变器的配置应考虑温度对光伏组件电性能的影响等问题。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the image of the city, the current situation of using landscape lighting to waste a large amount of power grid power in urban buildings; In the face of the depletion of fossil fuels and the worsening of human ecological environment, the search for new energy has become an urgent issue facing mankind. Green buildings should be encouraged under the conditions of economic and technological suitability. The purpose of this paper is to make full use of renewable energy, which is represented by solar energy, and reduce the burden of power system. In China Mobile Shenzhen Information Building, the mode of indirect conversion and grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system (without storage energy storage battery) is chosen. A system in which photovoltaic power is fed simultaneously to the load through a photovoltaic inverter. In the evening or rainy days, the grid supplies power to the load through a photovoltaic inverter when the power generated by the photovoltaic array is insufficient; It is the key point of the design of this project to ensure the stable power supply of the load. The system supplies the power load to the photovoltaic power distribution system for the "spontaneous self-use" of the building. Solar photovoltaic building integration BIPV(Building Integrated Photovoltaics is a new concept of solar power generation. Simply put, solar photovoltaic arrays are installed on the outer surface of the building's maintenance structure to provide electricity. The combination of the photovoltaic array and the building does not take up additional ground space. It is the best installation method for photovoltaic power generation system widely used in cities, so it has attracted much attention. [2]. The combination of photovoltaic and building generally has the following forms: one is the combination of photovoltaic and wall; Second, the combination of photovoltaic and roof; Third, the combination of photovoltaic and sunshade; The combination of photovoltaic array and building is mainly in the form of photovoltaic curtain wall, which is the main design point of the project. In the early years of the building's photovoltaic system, consideration was given to the use of a new type of grid-connected Ni-MH battery to store energy, that is, "with a battery for energy storage." Direct conversion grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system ". Its characteristics are that the load side does not cause power fluctuations, to ensure a stable power supply to the load, the use of battery energy storage scheme (generally used in rural areas). The island is more suitable. However, considering to meet the installation capacity requirements of continuous power supply under three days of rainy weather, the installation area of Ni-MH battery occupies a large space, and the Ni-MH battery has a certain service life. Recycling batteries pollute the environment, are not environmentally friendly products, and consider that initial construction investment and maintenance costs will increase for the construction of green buildings. Finally, the design scheme of photovoltaic power generation system is optimized as "no energy storage, indirect conversion and grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system", which is economical, safe and reliable, and easy to maintain and manage. This is also the conclusion of the project design. This paper introduces the configuration of the main electrical equipment of the photovoltaic power generation system of the building, the way of connecting the system to the grid, the distribution design of the system, the lightning protection design, and the calculation of the number of the photovoltaic components in series-parallel connection. The influence of temperature on the electrical performance of PV module should be considered in the configuration of grid-connected inverter.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU851;TU18

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