基于废弃纤维的建筑用保温外墙板的制备

发布时间：2018-03-10 21:01

  本文选题：废弃纤维　切入点：保温外墙板　出处：《大连工业大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人们生活水平的提高,废弃纺织品的数量正在逐年递增,根据调查表明其中棉麻的废弃量约占废弃纤维量的52%,这种废弃行为不仅造成了资源的极大浪费,也在后续处理中造成火灾和污染的隐患,如何循环利用废弃纤维成为我国当前一个迫切需要解决的问题。 随着人民对建筑取暖的要求越来越高,我国建筑采暖的总能耗也急剧增加。利用废弃的纤维和聚氨酯制作建筑保温板减少废料处理的问题,降低建筑耗能建筑行业的耗能量,提高废弃物的利用率,制作成高附加值的展品降低了成本,同时降低了对环境的污染。 本课题致力于利用废弃棉/麻和废弃TPU为原料,制作建筑用外保温墙板。也就是利用纺织工业生产过程中的废弃材料棉(麻),作为复合材料的增强材料,以废弃聚氨酯作为基体,使用传统的生产设备,实现低成本生产复合纤维板材的目的,并使废弃纺织材料得到充分的循环利用。 本文采用废弃纤维棉、麻纤维作为增强材料与废弃回收的TPU塑炼混合,以短纤维增强复合材料通过热压成型的工艺,与聚氨酯硬质泡沫复合,制作成三层复合的轻质保温墙板,研究了不同纤维配比、不同成型工艺对板材的力学性能及导热性能的影响,分析两者之间的关系。选取拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度为测试的指标,选取棉麻配比、TPU含量、热压温度,热压压力四个因素来进行正交试验分析。通过方差分析、极差分析、单因素试验得出四个因素影响保温板的各项性能的关系,综合考虑其力学性能和导热性能确定最佳工艺：热压温度：180℃,热压压力：10MPA,阻燃TPU含量：60%,棉麻配比：40/60；采用正交实验对基体和纤维的阻燃剂添加量进行优化,检测极限氧指数,对测试的的极限氧指数进行了极差、方差分析,研究阻燃剂添加量对力学性能的影响、阻燃效果、成本问题等确定最佳工艺,阻燃剂最优工艺为：TPU阻燃剂15%,APP20%, TPU含量60%,棉麻配比40/60；对棉麻纤维表面改性处理,增强板材力学性能,将所制的板材与聚氨酯硬质泡沫复合,优选板材厚度与粘合剂。按照建筑标准综合测试复合保温板的理化性能,制备保温墙板的最优工艺为：热压温度为180℃,热压压力为10MPa,热压时间为10min。此时保温墙板的拉伸强度为39.49MPa,弯曲强度为34.56MPa,冲击强度为6.73KJ/m2,含水率为0.3%,吸水厚度膨胀率为0.2%,加热后尺寸变化率为±0.2%,高低温尺寸变化率为±2.5%。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's living standard, the quantity of waste textiles is increasing year by year. According to the investigation, the waste amount of cotton and hemp is about 52% of the waste fiber, which not only causes a great waste of resources, It also causes hidden trouble of fire and pollution in the follow-up treatment. How to recycle waste fiber has become an urgent problem to be solved in our country. With the increasing demands of the people on building heating, the total energy consumption of building heating in our country has increased dramatically. The waste treatment problem is reduced by making building insulation boards with waste fiber and polyurethane, and the energy consumption of the building energy consumption construction industry is reduced. Increasing the utilization rate of waste and producing high value-added exhibits can reduce the cost and the pollution of the environment at the same time. This project is devoted to the manufacture of outer insulation wall board for building using waste cotton / hemp and waste TPU as raw materials, that is, cotton (flax), which is used as reinforcing material for composite materials in the production process of textile industry. Using waste polyurethane as matrix and using traditional production equipment, the purpose of producing composite fiber sheet with low cost is realized, and waste textile materials can be fully recycled. In this paper, waste fiber cotton, hemp fiber as reinforcing material and waste recycled TPU were mixed, and short fiber reinforced composites were compacted with polyurethane rigid foam by hot pressing process. In this paper, the effects of different fiber ratios and different molding processes on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the sheet were studied, and the relationship between them was analyzed. The tensile strength was selected. The bending strength and impact strength of cotton and hemp were selected as test indexes. Four factors were selected as follows: the content of TPU, the temperature of hot pressing and the pressure of hot pressing. The variance analysis, the range analysis, the difference analysis were used to analyze the bending strength and impact strength of cotton and hemp. The single factor test shows that four factors affect the properties of the thermal insulation board. Considering the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation board, the optimum process is determined: the hot pressing temperature: 180 鈩，

本文编号：1595050