基于RS和GIS的武汉市土地利用分类及其时空变化分析

发布时间：2018-03-13 13:34

本文选题：武汉市　切入点：土地利用类型　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：土地利用/土地覆盖是（LUCC）近几十年来国内外学者们热门的研究，土地是与我们的生活息息相关，密不可分，是地球馈赠给人类的最宝贵的自然资源，是我们赖以生存的条件。土地利用分类以及土地利用变化可以分别体现出一个城市的布局以及城市的发展方向。合理健康的土地利用可以更好地服务于人们的生活，同时，利用好每一寸土地也是我们义不容辞的责任。湖北省由于独特的地理位置是全国的心脏，而武汉市又是湖北的省会城市，武汉市的发展直接影响到湖北省的经济发展以及形象的提升，研究武汉市的土地利用/土地覆盖的时空特征同时也对于环境的影响的研究意义重大。土地利用/土地覆盖会带来大气环境的影响，气候效应，土壤环境效应，水环境效应，生态环境效应等等。本文主要从以下几个方面来研究武汉市研究区（江夏区和武昌区）的土地利用类型以及土地利用变化的演变规律。（1）采用三期研究区遥感数据（1991年TM5数据，2002年TM7数据，2010年环境星数据）来得出研究区的三期土地利用类型，分别分为草地，林地园地，耕地，城乡居民工矿用地，水域，未利用地六大类。（2）利用ARCGIS9.3软件的土地利用转移矩阵对三期研究区土地利用类型，即研究区20年来土地利用的变化进行深入的研究，分析得出1991-2002年的草地，城乡居民工矿用地均有所增加，其他的在减少，而2002年-2010年的城乡居民工矿用地，，耕地，林地园地在增加，其他的在减少。（3）从土地利用变化速度，土地利用变化幅度，土地利用变化的驱动力定性与定量分析这三个方面对研究区土地利用变化的方向以及变化的驱动力因素进行分析，采用的是数学模型和SPSS19.0的主成分分析法。在土地利用变化速度方面未利用地的变化速度最快是8.589，其次是耕地，为5.854.而20年来在土地利用幅度方面林地园地的面积的百分比增加了0.9%。耕地方面年增加率为2.63%等等，通过主成分分析影响土地利用的主要因素为第二产业，消费品零售总额，生产总值和政策等等为主要因素。（4）对研究区土地利用变化的总结以及展望，展望中提出几点要求，比如做出土地利用预测性模型分析，需要高分辨率数据等等。
[Abstract]:Land use / land cover is a hot research by scholars at home and abroad in recent decades. Land is closely related to our daily life and is the most precious natural resource given to mankind by the earth. Land use classification and land use change can reflect the layout of a city and the development direction of a city respectively. Rational and healthy land use can better serve people's life, at the same time, It is also our duty to make good use of every inch of land. Hubei Province is the heart of the whole country because of its unique geographical position, and Wuhan is the capital city of Hubei Province. The development of Wuhan has a direct impact on the economic development and image promotion of Hubei Province. It is of great significance to study the spatiotemporal characteristics of land use / land cover in Wuhan. Land use / land cover will bring the effects of atmospheric environment, climate effect, soil environment effect and water environment effect. Ecological and environmental effects and so on. This paper mainly studies the types of land use and the evolution of land use change in Wuhan research area (Jiangxia District and Wuchang District) from the following aspects. The three periods of remote sensing data (1991 TM5 data, 2002 TM7 data, 2010 environmental star data) are used to obtain the three types of land use in the study area, which are divided into grassland, woodland, cultivated land, urban and rural residents' industrial and mining land, and water area, respectively. Six categories of unused land. (2) the land use transfer matrix of ARCGIS9.3 software is used to study the land use types in the third period of study area, that is, the change of land use in the study area in the past 20 years. The results show that the grassland and the industrial and mining land of urban and rural residents increased in 1991-2002. The rest is decreasing, while the urban and rural areas of industrial and mining land, arable land, and woodland are increasing from 2002 to 2010, while others are decreasing. (3) analyzing the direction and driving force of land use change in the study area from three aspects: the speed of land use change, the extent of land use change, the driving force of land use change, and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the driving force of land use change. The mathematical model and principal component analysis method of SPSS19.0 were used. The rate of change of unused land was 8.589 in the speed of land use change, followed by cultivated land. The annual increase rate of cultivated land is 2.63% and so on. The main factors influencing land use through principal component analysis are secondary industry, total retail sales of consumer goods, and so on. Gross domestic product and policy are the main factors. 4) summarize and prospect the land use change in the study area, and put forward several requirements in the prospect, such as making the land use predictive model analysis, requiring high resolution data and so on.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU984.113;P237;P208

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