深水型水源水库选择性取水技术及其基础研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 00:16

本文选题：选择性取水　切入点：小球藻　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前，我国大多数城市主要以水库作为供水水源，外源和内源污染使得水库原水水质下降，通过水库运行提高原水水质、降低净水成本和确保饮水安全成为水源工作者亟待解决的问题之一。本文针对现有选择性取水装置存在的不足，通过研发结构简单、安装便捷、可自由调动取水口高度的水力选择性取水装置，提高水库出流的原水水质；通过研究藻类的沉降迁移规律和建立出流水质预测模型，提出水库取水规避藻类的选择性取水技术，为进一步优化选择性取水提供参考依据。其研究结果表明：（1）应用自调节浮子潜水原理，研发水力浮动选择性取水装置和预净化水力自动选择性取水装置，两种均由水力浮动选择性取水器和原水传输与控制装置两部分组成，但其两者的主体结构和调节动力设备不同；两种水力选择性取水装置均可实现四种运行工况，分别为：固定取水口高度在恒定水深处取优质原水、自由调节取水口高度到任意水层、并联多个取水装置取不同深度纵向混合水和并联多个取水装置取水库平面范围内的优质混合水。（2）实验室培养的小球藻按其直径可分为小于4.5μm、4.5~5.5μm、大于5.5μm三个等级；光强实验条件下小球藻沉速分布在0.1~468.2μm s-1，均值为32.8μm s-1；小球藻的沉降速度随沉降柱表层光强增强而降低，小球藻直径大小与沉速呈正相关；沉降稳定后实验柱中小球藻从表层至底层粒径逐渐变大，除底层外小球藻在纵向峰值随光强增加而向下延伸。（3）小球藻在表层聚集时，模拟降雨影响干扰深度，其随降雨强度增加而增大，呈线性关系，并且小球藻沉速随粒径减小、降雨强度减弱而变慢，沉速范围为34.7~194.3μm s-1，粒径较小的小球藻更容易受降雨的影响而增大其沉速；小球藻在纵向均匀分布时，干扰深度与降雨强度呈指数分布，沉速范围为16.7~27.0μm s-1。（4）从沉降柱底部进行引流实验，研究引流时小球藻沉降特性。结果表明：引流量与稳定时间呈负线性关系，与沉速呈正线性关系，沉速范围为51.4~138.2μm s-1，，粒径较小的小球藻更容易受引流的影响而增大其沉速。（5）将纵向水层水质按3群集进行K-均值聚类分析，统计所得的取水口水层所在聚类组的聚类中心可有效预测引水塔出流水质；预测的温度、pH、氧化还原电位、电导率、盐度和碱度与实测数据吻合程度较高，相对误差均在-10%~10%；对取水口水层所在聚类组的上下边界作多项式曲线拟合，得出泄出层厚度符合理论推导和实际情况。
[Abstract]:At present, most cities in China mainly use reservoirs as water supply sources. Exogenous and internal pollution make the raw water quality of reservoirs decline, and the raw water quality is improved through reservoir operation. Reducing the cost of clean water and ensuring the safety of drinking water become one of the urgent problems to be solved by water source workers. This paper aims at the deficiency of the existing selective water intake device, through the research and development of simple structure, convenient installation, can freely transfer the height of the intake of hydraulic selective water intake device, improve the reservoir outflow of raw water quality; By studying the regularity of algae subsidence and migration and establishing the water quality prediction model of outflow water, the selective water intake technology of reservoir water evading algae is put forward, which provides a reference for further optimization of selective water intake. The results show that:. (1) applying the principle of self-regulating float diving, a hydraulic floating selective water intake device and a prepurification hydraulic automatic selective water intake device are developed. Both of them are composed of a hydraulic floating selective water intake device and a raw water transmission and control device. But their main structure and regulating power equipment are different, and the two hydraulic selective water intake devices can realize four operating conditions, which are as follows: the fixed intake height takes the high quality raw water in the constant water depth, The height of water intake is adjusted freely to any water layer. The longitudinal mixing water with different depth and the high quality mixing water in the reservoir plane with parallel multiple water intake devices are taken in parallel. (2) Chlorella microphylla cultured in laboratory can be divided into three grades according to its diameter: less than 4.5 渭 m 4.5N 5.5 渭 m, > 5.5 渭 m, under light intensity experiment, the settling velocity of Chlorella microphylla distributes at 0.1 ~ 468.2 渭 m ~ (-1), the mean value is 32.8 渭 m ~ (-1), and the settling velocity of Chlorella microphylla decreases with the increase of light intensity in the surface layer of the settling column. The diameter of Chlorella microphylla was positively correlated with the settling rate, and the diameter of Chlorella microphylla in the experimental column gradually increased from surface to bottom layer after settling, and the longitudinal peak value of Chlorella spp., except the bottom layer, extended downwards with the increase of light intensity. 3) when Chlorella microphylla accumulates on the surface, simulated rainfall affects the interference depth, which increases linearly with the increase of rainfall intensity, and the sedimentation velocity of Chlorella vulgaris decreases with the decrease of particle size, and the rainfall intensity decreases and slows down. The settling velocity range of Chlorella sp. is 34.7 ~ 194.3 渭 m 路s ~ (-1). Chlorella spp with smaller diameter is more susceptible to the influence of rainfall and increases its sedimentation rate, and the interference depth and rainfall intensity are exponentially distributed when the vertical uniform distribution of Chlorella sp., and the settling velocity range is 16.7N 27.0 渭 m ~ (-1). 4) the drainage experiments were carried out at the bottom of the settling column to study the sedimentation characteristics of Chlorella vulgaris during drainage. The results showed that the drainage flow was in a negative linear relationship with the steady time, and it had a positive linear relationship with the settling velocity. The settling velocity was in the range of 51.4 ~ 138.2 渭 m 路s ~ (-1). Chlorella microphylla with smaller diameter was more susceptible to the influence of drainage and increased its sedimentation rate. (5) the water quality of longitudinal water layer is analyzed by K-means cluster analysis in 3 clusters. The cluster center of cluster group in which the water intake layer is located can effectively predict the water quality of the water diversion tower, and the predicted temperature, pH, redox potential, conductivity, etc. The salinity and alkalinity are in good agreement with the measured data, and the relative error is -10100.The polynomial curve fitting of the upper and lower boundary of the cluster group of the water intake layer is carried out, and the thickness of the discharge layer accords with the theoretical derivation and the actual situation.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU991.1;TV697.41

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