高层建筑消防安全疏散现状问题与对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 19:39

本文选题：高层建筑　切入点：安全疏散　出处：《华南理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来发生群死群伤重大恶性火灾事故中，80%以上火灾事故与消防安全疏散有直接的关系，高层建筑由于楼层高、体量大、人员多、功能复杂，发生火灾时，影响安全疏散的危险性因素较多，而安全疏散又是高层建筑火灾中首选的逃生方法。在突发而来的高层建筑火灾中，如何选择最佳的、科学的疏散逃生路线，选择逃生路线是否具有科学意义，是否经过测算和实践，日常学习的、演练的是否能适应不同场景下的疏散逃生过程，是本文要研究的主要内容。因此，抓好高层建筑火灾的安全疏散工作，对进一步预防和遏制群死群伤恶性火灾事故，确保人民群众生命财产安全，有着非常关键的作用。本文通过查找大量的高层火灾案例，分析人员伤亡的原因，对比国内外安全疏散的研究现状，结合高层建筑火灾的特点和安全疏散的危险性因素，从安全疏散设计、安全疏散管理、安全疏散方式、安全疏散配套法律等方面查找目前我国高层建筑安全疏散工作方面的不足。为解决存在的问题，本文采用Pathfinder疏散仿真软件，在执行必须安全疏散时间要小于可用安全疏散时间的人员安全疏散准则的前提下，，对高层建筑安全疏散进行不同场景条件下的模拟仿真分析，提出在不同安全疏散设计的条件下、在不同人员疏散方式的条件下、对建筑物熟悉程度不一样的条件下，分别得到的仿真结果，从而对这些结果进行对比和分析，以便更好地引导人们选择正确的疏散逃生路线和策略。最后，在高层建筑安全疏散模拟仿真分析的基础上，综合提出提高高层建筑安全疏散效率的四个对策，包括加强防火安全疏散设计、普及高层建筑火灾安全疏散逃生技巧、科学编制消防应急逃生预案并加强演习、推动安全疏散立法工作等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more than 80% of the fatal and malignant fire accidents have a direct relationship with fire safety evacuation. There are many dangerous factors affecting safety evacuation, and safety evacuation is the preferred escape method in high-rise building fire. How to choose the best and scientific escape route in the sudden high-rise building fire? The main content of this paper is whether the choice of escape route is of scientific significance, whether it is measured and practiced, whether the routine learning, whether the exercise can adapt to the evacuation escape process under different scenarios. The safety evacuation of high-rise building fire is very important to prevent and control the fire accident and ensure the safety of the people's life and property. In this paper, by looking up a large number of high-rise fire cases, analyzing the causes of casualties, comparing the current research situation of safety evacuation at home and abroad, combining the characteristics of high-rise building fire and the dangerous factors of safety evacuation, from the safety evacuation design, In the aspects of safety evacuation management, safety evacuation mode, safety evacuation supporting law and so on, the deficiency of safety evacuation work of high-rise building in our country is found. In order to solve the existing problems, this paper uses Pathfinder evacuation simulation software, under the premise that the safety evacuation time must be less than the available safety evacuation time, The simulation and analysis of safety evacuation of high-rise building under different scene conditions are carried out, and it is proposed that under different conditions of safety evacuation design, under the condition of different evacuation modes, and under the condition of different familiarity with the building, In order to guide people to choose the correct escape route and strategy, the simulation results are compared and analyzed. Finally, on the basis of simulation analysis of safety evacuation in high-rise buildings, Four countermeasures are put forward to improve the efficiency of safety evacuation of high-rise buildings, including strengthening the design of fire safety evacuation, popularizing the escape techniques of fire safety evacuation in high-rise buildings, compiling fire emergency escape plans scientifically and strengthening drills. To promote safety evacuation legislation and so on.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU972.4;TU998.1

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