被动式设计在亚热带气候区办公建筑中的应用

发布时间：2018-03-31 11:15

本文选题：自然通风　切入点：被动式设计　出处：《清华大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：即将到来的全球能源危机使建筑能耗成为一个众人关注的问题。在中国、巴西这样快速发展的国家，未来二十年将出现大量新建建筑。研究表明，由于更高的环境控制的设备能耗和更高水平的人工照明能耗，这些新建建筑比原建筑的平均能耗更高。混合控制策略的建筑，在全年某些时段应用自然通风策略，在夏季最热月份采用空调控制策略。这种策略可以在保证舒适工作环境的前提下降低建筑能耗。虽然建筑自然通风热舒适标准证明了该策略的可行性，，但是实际应用的案例还很少。因此有必要从实例角度进行证明。为了达到这一目的，论文针对深圳（中国南部，靠近广州）一栋办公建筑进行研究。该建筑采用了多种被动技术策略，除了全年最热的夏季月份之外，利用业主控制的窗户实现自然通风策略。论文针对通风策略对应的时段进行案例分析。热舒适调研结果显示工作区域的室内温度绝大多数落在ASHRAE-55适用于自然通风建筑的热舒适范围内，最大的问题在于冬天温度过低。当室内温度高于21oC时，用户的满意率超过80%。夏季空调期时，室内温度在26.5oC周边。常年室内温度超过28oC的工作小时为总数的4.3%。考虑本建筑中办公区域，能耗大约为60.2kWh.m2，与当地57个办公建筑样本数据库相比，该建筑比绝大多数建筑节能（能耗数据比数据库平均值与标准差的差值要低）。与文献中的分项能耗数据比较表明，该建筑能耗低是由于空调部分、照明和插座部分的能耗较低。作为分析比较，建立围护结构封闭的参考模型，模拟分析结果表明，实际建筑的潜热负荷小是由于该建筑全天和整年的空调时间短。分析建筑的显热负荷，各因素对显热负荷的影响差异较小，这些因素除了全天和全年的空调时间长短，还包括建筑屋顶遮阳设施、更高的建筑空调设定温度、由于更好地利用自然采光而导致的更少的人工照明。把公共区域涉及城市外空间是能达到这个效果的一个重要的因素。该研究结果充分证明了混合模式建筑在亚热带湿热气候条件下的可行性和有效性。办公建筑利用自然通风策略，可以兼顾能耗节约和环境舒适。这为建筑师提供了一种联系建筑使用者与外界环境的新思路。
[Abstract]:The coming global energy crisis has made building energy consumption a matter of concern. In a rapidly growing country like China and Brazil, there will be a large number of new buildings in the next two decades. Research shows that because of higher energy consumption for environmentally controlled equipment and higher levels of artificial lighting, These new buildings consume more energy on average than the original buildings. For buildings with mixed control strategies, natural ventilation is applied at certain times of the year, Air conditioning control strategy is adopted in the hottest months of summer. This strategy can reduce building energy consumption while ensuring a comfortable working environment. Although the building natural ventilation thermal comfort standard proves the feasibility of the strategy, However, the actual application of the case is rare, so it is necessary to prove from the point of view of an example. To achieve this, the paper studies an office building in Shenzhen (southern China, near Guangzhou). The building uses a variety of passive technical strategies, except for the hottest summer months of the year. The natural ventilation strategy is realized by the window controlled by the owner. The results of the thermal comfort survey show that most of the indoor temperature in the working area falls within the thermal comfort range of the ASHRAE-55 suitable for naturally ventilated buildings. The biggest problem is that the winter temperature is too low. When the indoor temperature is higher than 21oC, During the summer air conditioning period, the indoor temperature is around 26.5oC. The annual indoor temperature exceeds the working hours of 28oC is 4.3% of the total. Considering the office area in this building, the energy consumption is about 60.2kWh.m2, compared with the sample database of 57 local office buildings, The energy consumption of this building is lower than that of most buildings (the energy consumption data is lower than the difference between the average value of the database and the standard deviation. Compared with the energy consumption data of the sub-items in the literature, the energy consumption of the building is low because of the air conditioning, the lighting and the socket. As an analysis and comparison, the reference model of enclosed enclosure structure is established. The simulation results show that the low latent heat load of the actual building is due to the short air conditioning time of the building all day and the whole year, and the sensible heat load of the building is analyzed. The influence of various factors on sensible heat load is relatively small. In addition to the length of air conditioning throughout the day and throughout the year, these factors also include building roof shading facilities, higher building air conditioning setting temperatures, Less artificial lighting as a result of better use of natural lighting. The involvement of public areas outside urban spaces is an important factor in achieving this effect. The results of this study fully demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of mixed model buildings in subtropical humid and hot climates. The natural ventilation strategy is used in office buildings. Energy saving and environmental comfort can be taken into account, which provides a new way for architects to connect the building users with the outside environment.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU243

【参考文献】