基于制冷剂泄出的涡旋压缩机调节特性研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 17:09

本文选题：涡旋压缩机　切入点：制冷剂泄出　出处：《清华大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前，中小型空调（热泵）器、热泵热水器在家用和轻型商业建筑中广泛使用且保有量持续增加，相关节能研究是建筑节能研究的重要内容。由于实际系统大部分时间运行在小室内外温差工况下，按照额定工况选择的压缩机难以提供优秀的季节能效表现。本课题着眼于解决小室内外温差下压缩机的高效运行，实现向小容量和小压比的调节，并为这种设备的开发奠定基础。本文首先从需求出发，分析高效空调用压缩机应具备的调节能力。模拟计算了北京、上海、广州三地轻型办公建筑和住宅建筑全年冷热负荷随室外环境的变化情况以及合适额定容量的空调（热泵）装置全年运行于该建筑时系统压比随室外温度的变化情况。研究表明：实际的空调（热泵）系统大部分时间运行在小室内/外温差工况下，此时小型空调（热泵）装置需要提供较小的制冷/制热量，同时系统需求压比大幅减小；从提高小型空调设备全年能效水平角度考虑，小型空调用压缩机应具有向小容量调节能力的。同时，需具有良好的向小压比调节的能力。其次，实验研究了制冷剂泄出对涡旋压缩机和制冷热泵系统性能的影响，实验结果显示：对涡旋压缩机而言，制冷剂泄出能有效降低压缩机排量，降低制冷量，降低压缩机功耗，大幅度提高压缩在过压缩工况下的能效水平。同时，采用制冷剂泄出由于有效降低了压缩机的排量，将导致蒸发器和冷凝器的换热量减少、换热温差降低，由此使得蒸发温度升高和冷凝温度降低，使得系统效率得到了进一步的提升。然后，根据测试结果修正现有的制冷剂泄出涡旋压缩机模型，与实验数据对比显示，该模型能较好地预测涡旋压缩机泄出工况下的性能。以该模型为基础，模拟分析了泄出参数对涡旋压缩机以及制冷热泵系统性能的影响，并以此建立了制冷剂泄出系统优化设计和控制方法。最后，计算分析了该类系统应用于小型空调器和热泵热水器的应用前景，结果显示，对于房间空调器，其高效运行的系统形式应为泄出+变频系统。该系统在各地均有一定的节能潜力，尤其适用于目前空气源热泵广泛应用的南方地区。对于从室外取热的热泵热水器，制冷剂泄出同样是一种有效的调节夏季和部分过渡季系统性能的手段。
[Abstract]:At present, small and medium air conditioning (heat pump) devices and heat pump water heaters are widely used in household and light commercial buildings, and the quantity of heat pump water heaters is increasing continuously. Energy conservation research is an important part of building energy conservation research.Because the actual system runs for most of the time under the condition of temperature difference inside and outside the chamber, it is difficult for the compressor selected according to rated working conditions to provide excellent seasonal energy efficiency performance.The purpose of this paper is to solve the high efficiency operation of the compressor under the temperature difference inside and outside the chamber, to realize the adjustment of the small capacity and the small pressure ratio, and to lay a foundation for the development of this kind of equipment.This paper starts from the demand, analyzes the high-efficiency air-conditioning compressor should have the adjustment ability.Beijing, Shanghai,The variation of heat and cold load with outdoor environment in light office buildings and residential buildings in Guangzhou, and the variation of pressure ratio of air conditioning (heat pump) equipment with proper rated capacity with outdoor temperature during the whole year.The results show that the actual air conditioning (heat pump) system runs in the small room / outside temperature difference condition most of the time, at this time the small air conditioning (heat pump) device needs to provide a small amount of refrigeration / heating, and the system demand pressure ratio is greatly reduced;From the point of view of improving the energy efficiency of small air conditioning equipment throughout the year, the compressor for small air conditioning should have the ability to adjust to small capacity.At the same time, need to have a good ability to adjust the small pressure ratio.Secondly, the effect of refrigerant release on the performance of scroll compressor and refrigeration heat pump system is studied experimentally. The experimental results show that the refrigerant release can effectively reduce the compressor displacement and the refrigerating capacity.Reduce compressor power consumption and greatly improve the energy efficiency level of compression under overcompression conditions.At the same time, the refrigerant release will reduce the heat exchange of evaporator and condenser, and the difference of heat transfer temperature will decrease, which will increase the evaporation temperature and decrease the condensing temperature.The system efficiency is further improved.Then, the existing refrigerant release vortex compressor model is modified according to the test results. The comparison with the experimental data shows that the model can predict the performance of the vortex compressor under the condition of discharge.Based on the model, the effects of the discharge parameters on the performance of the vortex compressor and the refrigeration heat pump system are simulated and analyzed, and the optimal design and control method of the refrigerant release system are established.Finally, the application prospect of this kind of system for small air conditioners and heat pump water heaters is calculated and analyzed. The results show that for room air conditioners, the system form of efficient operation should be the discharge frequency conversion system.The system has the potential to save energy in various places, especially in the southern region where air source heat pump is widely used.Refrigerant release is also an effective way to regulate the system performance in summer and some transitional seasons for heat pump water heaters taking heat from outside.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU831.4

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